climate and natural vegetation

Question 1

what is climate?-2

Answer 1

it is the average conditions of atmosphere over a long period of time.

Question 2

what is weather? -2

Answer 2

it is the atmosphere conditions over a short period, in a smaller area

Question 3

latitude

Answer 3

left and right

Question 4

longitude

Answer 4

Up and down

Question 5

What affects plant growth? 🌱-2

Answer 5

Rain fall and temperature

Question 6

Where is plant growth abundant?-2

Answer 6

Places with higher temperatures and more water

Question 7

Where can tcf be found?

Answer 7

45n and 70n and that of south

Question 8

Annual precipitation of tcf

Answer 8

400 to 700mm

Question 9

Temperature of tcf

Answer 9

-12 to 15

Question 10

Characteristics of tcf-2

Answer 10

Conifers grow needles and cones and evergreens forest

Question 11

Diversity of tcf-3

Answer 11

Few species- 1 to 2 (cedar, pine)
Evergreen trees
Softwoods

Question 12

structure of tcf- 2

Answer 12

no distinct layers. trees grow in pure stands, are of uniform height, little undergrowth

Question 13

adaptations in tcf-bark and branches

Answer 13

straight trunked, thick bark, cone shaped trees

• protect against cold winter winds
• snow can slide down the branches and prevent accumulation

Question 14

where are trf found

Answer 14

10n and 10s

Question 15

annual rainfall of trf

Answer 15

1500 to 2500mm

Question 16

annual temperature of trf

Answer 16

least 27

Question 17

characteristics of trf -2

Answer 17

thick evergreen forests , 5 layered

Question 18

diversity of trf-3

Answer 18

300 different species-rich biodiversity
evergreen
dense vegetation

Question 19

how many layers in the structure of trf

Answer 19

5

Question 20

layers are:

Answer 20

emergent
canopy 
understory
shrub
ground. 
for details refer to notes

Question 21

adaptation of trf

Answer 21

refer to notes

Question 22

mean annual temperature

Answer 22

sum of all temperatures divided by 12

Question 23

annual temperature range

Answer 23

max rainfall minus min rainfall

Question 24

annual rainfall

Answer 24

sum of all rainfall

Question 25

descriptors for MAT

Answer 25

high- more than 20
moderate- 10 to 20
low-lesser than 10

Question 26

descriptors for atr

Answer 26

very large- 30 and above
large-16 to 29
moderate- 11 to 15
small- 5 to 10
very small-1 to 4

Question 27

descriptors for annual precipitation

Answer 27

low- lower than 250
moderate-250 to 1499
high- 1500

Question 28

rainfall distribution and evidence

Answer 28

well-max and min
seasonal - wet month min and dry months max
infrequent- month with no rain and max rainfall

Question 29

format for comparison

Answer 29

refer to notes

Question 30

adaptation of TCF-barks and branches

Answer 30

straight trunked, thick bark, cone shaped trees

thick bark to protect from the cold
cone shaped to allow the snow to slide down the branches.this prevents accumulating snow which may break the branch.

Question 31

adaptation of tcf- leaves

Answer 31

small narrow and needle like

during periods of low rainfall, needle like leaves have smaller surface to reduce rate of transpiration

Question 32

adaptation of tcf-fruit and flowers

Answer 32

do not bear fruit and flowers, instead develop cones to protect and contain seeds

Question 33

adaptation of tcf-roots

Answer 33

shallow roots

as soil quality is poor, shallow roots absorb nutrients from thin topsoil. shallow roots take in surface melted water in spring when ice thaws

Question 34

adaptation of trf- fruits and flowers

Answer 34

colourful and strong smelling

lack of winds make wind dispersal difficult. the smells and colour make the fruit and flowers easy to spot

Question 35

adaptation of trf-roots

Answer 35

shallow roots
absorb nutrients from decomposing leaves
nutrients and water found at topsoil
water is readily available

buttress roots
support heavy weight of tall trees that grow because of favourable climatic conditions and competition for sunlight

Question 36

adaptation of trf- barks

Answer 36

tall straight smooth trunks

rainwater flows easily from the crown to the roots of the trees

Question 37

adaptation of trf- branches

Answer 37

spread out near the top of the trees

to help trees to obtain the maximum amount of sunlight

Question 38

adaptation of trf-leaves

Answer 38

waxy leathery or hairy surfaces
minimise loss of moisture through transpiration due to high temperatures

narrow downward pointing drip tip leaves
rainwater can run off easily, prevent harmful bacteria and fungus from growing on leaves.
absorb more sunlights

broad leaves
absorb more sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 39

tcf adaptation-leaves

Answer 39

small narrow, needle like

-smaller surface area to reduce the rate of transpiration

Question 40

tcf adaptation- fruit and flowers

Answer 40

do not have

-seeds are protected and contained by cones

Question 41

tcf adaptation- roots

Answer 41

-shallow roots
as soil quality is poor, shallow roots absorb nutrients available from thin topsoil
shallow roots take in surface melt when ice thaws