Climate Flashcards
1
Q
Bergerac AC
A
Less Maritime influence than Bordeaux
2
Q
Burgundy
A
Northern continental. Severe winters. Short, warm summers. Relatively low rainfall but vintage rains cause grey rot. Spring frosts and summer hail, especially in Chablis. Massif Central protects many vineyards from higher levels of rain.
3
Q
Beaujolais
A
Warmer and drier than Northern Burgundy
4
Q
Macconais
A
Warm continental
5
Q
Cote Chalonnaise
A
Similar to Cote D’Or but warmer and with higher altitude
6
Q
Alsace
A
Driest area in France. Vosges Mohntains protect from rain and wind. 1800+ sunshine hours. Hot summers. Long, autumns (Dry). Occasional summer hail storms. Occasional cold winter can kill vines. Overall near perfect climate. Warm mesoclimates close to Colmar (middle) 1 degree higher than averages.
7
Q
Loire Central Vineyards
A
Continental with severe winters and hot summers.
Sancerre AC, Pouilly- Fume AC, Mentou- Salon, Reuilly, Quincy
8
Q
Touraine
A
Continental climate. Warm summers and cold winters. Not as extreme as Loire Central vineyards.
Touraine, Vouvray, Montlouis, Chinon, Bourguiel, Saint Nicohlas De Bourgueil
9
Q
Anjou- Saumur
A
Atlantic influenced but drier and warmer than Nantais. All day sun. Facing the prevailing winds.
Anjou, Saumur, Champigny, Coteaux Du Layon, Chaume, Bonneaux, Quarts De Chaume, Savennieres
10
Q
Nantais
A
Temperate, damp and humid due to Atlantic proximity.
Mild winters (frost is rare).
Mild summers.
11
Q
Germany
A
Marginal cool continental climate. Gradual ripening over long season retains acid.
Wet years botrytis more common
River proximity air flow important for frost protection.
South facing slopes maximise sun.
12
Q
Pfalz
A
Shelter, sun and low rainfall provided by Haardt Mountain.
Mild winters.
Warm summer.
13
Q
England and Wales
A
Latitude over 51 degrees North. Maritime and Gulfstream influences moderate. Spring frosts and rain @ flowering a problem.
Long season. Mild autumns.
Disease control an issue due to high rainfall.
14
Q
Northern Rhone
A
Mistral is dominant feature. Strong, cold North wind cools climate bunt inhibits disease. Summers hot but not stifling. Frost risk in early spring and delayed ripening. Rain usually early spring and late autumn. Hail an occasional problem.
15
Q
Southern Rhone
A
Mediterranean. Mild winters. Hot summer. Low rainfall. Plenty of sunshine. Mistral particularly strong as no protection from sunshine.
16
Q
Languedoc
A
Mediterranean. Early springs. Hot, dry summers. Long Autumn. Rainy winters. Mistral and Tramontane wines can still cool otherwise stifling summer heat.
17
Q
Geneva
A
Lake Geneva offers a warm micro climate and prevents frost risk.
18
Q
Bordeaux
A
Moderate maritime. Long ripening season. High humidity (grey rot bad/ botrytis good). Even rainfall throughout year. Dunes and forests protect from Atlantic winds.
19
Q
Austria
A
Central European.
Short cold winters.
Long warm summers.
Long autumns.
20
Q
Hungary
A
Central European. Short, cold winters. Long warm summers. Long Autumn for ripening. 10.5 degrees average temp. 600 mm average annual rainfall.
21
Q
Trans- Danubia
A
Around Lake Balaton. Protected from winds, ideal climate (Central European)
22
Q
Romania
A
Climate divided by Carpathian Mountains. North and West= Continental, East= Maritime from Black Sea (Mild winters, Hot summers)
23
Q
Piedmont
A
Alps dominate.
Severe winters. Long summer. Warm Autumns.
24
Q
Valtellina DOC
A
Lombardy.
Long summer days, cool nights.
25
Terre Di Franciacorta DOC
Lake Iseo moderate microclimate
26
Veneto
Climate moderated by mountains in the North and sea in the East
27
Bardolino
Veneto
| Cooler climate on shores of Lake Garda
28
Fruli- Venezia- Guilia
Hillsides bordering Slovenia benefit from Alps and Adriatic airflows.
29
Tuscany
Vineyards @ altitude on slopes have excellent sun exposure and wide diurnal temperature range.
30
Vernaccia Di Sa Gimignano
Tuscan DOCG.
| High altitude hillside sites have great diurnal temperature range which keeps flavours and extends ripening period
31
Bolgheri DOC
More temperate than most of Tuscany due to proximity to the sea
32
Umbria
Similar to Tuscany but inland, so lacks moderating influence of the sea
33
Puglia
Hot, maritime climate
34
Sicily
Interior mountains have cooler climate producing better wines.
35
4 Spanish climate zones
North West= Atlantic
East Coast= Mediterranean
Centre= Continental
Southern= Coastal with hot winds
36
Central Spain
Can be Mediterranean/ Continental
OR
Atlantic/ Continental
Varying by vintage
37
Rioja Alavesa
Cool maritime influence from the Atlantic. Relatively high rainfall. Whole of Rioja protected by mountains on all sides.
38
Rioja Alta
Maritime
| Warmer and drier than Rioja Alavesa
39
Rioja Baja
Continental
| Hot summers. Severe winters.
40
Navarra
Broad range of micro- climates
41
Somotano
Navarra sub region (Pyrenees foothills).
| Cool climate with significant rainfall.
42
Calatayud
Navarra sub region. Northeast Spain. Continental and arid.
43
Catalunya
Broad range of Climates
44
Penedes
3 zones:
Hot continental coastal plain
Temperate inland (Cava)
Cool continental high altitude Plantings inland
45
Conca De Barbera
Catalunya sub- region:
| Cool sunny climate, low rainfall, cooling winds from sea.
46
Costers Del Segre
Catalunya sub region:
| Severe, semi arid climate. Very low rainfall. Irrigation network (also protects against frost)
47
Priorat (Priorato)
Catalunya sub- region:
Continental
Hot and Dry but cooler @ altitude
Low rainfall
48
Tarragona
Catalunya sub- region:
Mediterranean near coast
Continental further inland
49
VdlT De Castilla
Hot, arid pains
50
Duero Valley
Harsh continental climate
51
Toro
Continental- extremely hot summers
52
Rueda
Continental
| Cool evenings give elegance.
53
Ribera Del Duero
Continental
| Warm summer and cool nights. Altitude tempers climate (higher altitude than Rioja)
54
Rias Baixas
Cool, damp, maritime climate
55
Galacia
North, West Spain
| Cool, damp maritime
56
The Levant
Mediterranean
57
Valencia
Warm Mediterranean
58
Alicante
Hot Mediterranean climate
59
Jumilla
Hot Mediterranean climate
60
The Meseta
Extremely continental climate.
| Hot and dry.
61
Valdepenas
Extremely continental climate
Hot and dry
(Meseta sub region)
62
Vinho Verde
Warm summer
| High rainfall in summer and often in harvest (disease threat)
63
Central Portugal
Maritime
64
Bairrada
Central Portugal:
| Maritime climate, damp and rainy
65
Ribatejo
Maritime influence:
| Cooling morning mists around Tagus estuary. Inland the temperature is relatively hot.
66
Palmela
Warm maritime:
| Mild winters. Warm summers. Adequate rain, mainly in winter and spring.
67
Alentejo
Continental climate:
| Low rainfall, hot summers.
68
Northern Greece
High altitude cool climate.
| Naoussa, Goumenissa and Drama Valley
69
Naoussa
High altitude cool climate.
| Macedonian Mountains
70
Goumenissa
High altitude.
| Macedonian Mountains
71
Rapsani
Central Greece.
| Prevailing winds help prevent. Fungal disease (near Mount Olympus)
72
Nemea
Peloponnese Pennisula
| Mild winters. Hot summers. Rainfall limited to Autumn and Spring.
73
Black Sea Region
Bulgaria
| Climate moderated by the sea. Mountains reduce maritime influence inland (red production)
74
Danube Plain
Continental with hot summers
75
Struma Valley Region
Valley extends Mediterranean climate inland
76
Sub- Bulkan Region
Bulgaria.
| Deep valleys produce unique micro climates (white grapes)
77
Coastal Region (South Africa)
Influence by the sea. Ideal for Sauvignon Blanc.
78
Tygerberg District
Influenced by the sea. Ideal for Sauvignon Blanc.
79
Stellenbosch
Warm Mediterranean climate
80
Paarl
Warmer, less maritime. Influenced climate. Considerable climate variation.
81
Tulbagh District
Hot climate, surrounded by mountains.
| Varied climate due to typography.
82
Breede River Valley region
Hot inland climate.
| Canopy management enable white and sparkling production despite heat
83
South African Climate
Mediterranean:
Cool Benguela Ocean current cools far inland. Low rainfall makes irrigation necessary in most sites. Cool, low altitude coastal regions. Warmer inland regions eg Stellenbosch
84
Morocco
Vineyards @ over 500m altitude
| Atlas Mountains. Cooled by Atlantic breezes.
85
Tunisia
Best vineyards on the Coast near Tunis
86
Australia
Hot Mediterranean near the coast. Major differences between zones. Some cool climate sites such as Tasmanian and high altitude mainland sites.
87
Lower Hunter zone
High rainfall @ harvest (Grey rot problem)
88
Upper Hunter Valley Zone
Drier than lower Hunter so grey rot less of a problem.
89
Central Ranges Zone
Mudgee, Orange, Cowra
Cooler climate Hilltop regions (over 600m)
Slopes of the Western Ranges
90
Canberra
High altitude with frost problems
91
Port Phillip Zone
Cool and wet. Underripe news and fungal disease a problem.
92
Mornington Pennisula
Maritime Climate
93
Geelong
Barren and very windy
94
King Valley
North- East Victoria zone.
| High altitude, cool climate sights
95
Alpine Valley
North- east Victoria zone.
| High altitude, cool climate sites
96
Pyrenees
Rolling countryside. Cooler climate.
97
Bendigo
Warmer than the Pyrenees
98
Western Victoria Zone
Pyrennees- Cooler climate
| Bendigo- Warmer climate
99
Tasmania
Cool climate
100
Lower Murray Zone
Hot climate leads to sugar ripeness before phenolic ripeness.
Riverland.
101
Barossa Zone
Long dry summers. Hot climate with occasional drought.
102
McLaren Vale
Cooled by ocean breezes
103
Mount Lofty Ranges Zone
Clare Valley
| Cool nights
104
Piccadilly Valley
Cool climate.
| Chardonnay resembles Sauvignon Blanc. Due to high acid and flavour structure.
105
Limestone Coast Zone
Cool climate. Influenced by Ocean Current. Spring frosts, harvest rain and under ripeness are main problems.
Coonawarra and Padthaway (Padthaway is slightly warmer)
106
Greater Perth Zone
Swan Valley.
| Very hot with dry summers.
107
South- West Australia Zone
Margaret River
| Maritime. Dry warm summers. Wet winters due to sea's proximity. Strong Spring winds can disrupt flowering.
108
New Zealand
Range of climates. Subtropical Auckland. Cool in far south. Predominately maritime. Central Otago continental and very dry. Most vineyards on East coast to protect against West Coast rains.
109
Auckland
Sub tropical
| NZ's Warmest wine region
110
Marlborough
NZ's sunniest area
111
Nelson
Planted in Moutere Hills.
| Long fine Autumns produce good late harvest Rieslings.
112
Waipara
Sheltered valley area.
| Long, dry summers and autumns
113
Central Otago
Continental.
High altitude among Southern Alps. Large diurnal temperature fluctuation. Hot, dry summers. Cool, crisp winters. Spring and Autumn frosts an annual hazard.
114
Japan
Unpredictable. Trouble ripening, problems with grape health.
115
India
Extremes in climate make grape growing difficult
116
California
Length leads to large range of climates. UC Davis zonal classification based on degree days. Cooling mists and fogs from Pacific. Provide temp. contrasts and humidity where there is no fog Plantings often @ altitudes to avoid heat.
117
North Coastal Region
California.
Wide range from warm Mediterranean to cool with Spring frosts.
Napa, Caneros, Sonoma, Russian River Valley, Mendocino
118
Napa Valley AVA
Morning mist rolls in from the bay to cool climate
119
Anderson Valley
Cool climate.
| Mendocino country sub- region in North Coast Region
120
North Central Coast
Monterey Country= cool and dry Santa Cruz Mountains= cool (Zone one)
121
Monterey Country
Cool and Dry
122
Santa Cruz Mountains
Cool (Zone one)
123
South Central Coast
Mountains are E/W not N/S facilitating flow of cool ocean breezes.
Santa Ynez Valley and Paso Robles
124
Central Valley (California)
Hot
Zone 4 and 5
Lodi sub region in North is cooler
125
Sierra Foothills
Californian Rockies foothills.
| Hot days and cool nights ensuring good fruit concentration.
126
Oregon
Maritime
Pacific Ocean and warm North Pacific drift- influence.
Willamette Valley- mild winters and warm summers Limpqua Valley and Rogue Valley- warmer climate
127
Willamette Valley
Mild winters and warm summers
| Oregon
128
Umpqua Valkey and Rogue Valley
Warmer Oregon sub regions South of Willamette
129
Washington State
Extreme continental climate.
Inland regions dry, almost desert. Severe winter frost a threat Columbia Valley, Yakima Valley and Walla Walla sub region
130
Colombia Valley
Extreme continental climate
| Inland regions dry almost desert. Severe winter frost a threat Washington state.
131
New York State
Lakes and Ocean provide warm, moderating effect on climate.
Annual frost risk @ Finger Lakes.
Finger lakes, Hudson Valley, Long Island
132
Finger Lakes
Lakes and Ocean provide warm, moderating effect on climate.
| Annual frost risk New York State.
133
Hudson Valley and Long Island
Lakes and ocean provide warm, moderating effect on climate.
| New York State.
134
Mexico
Baja, California.
Similar Maritime influences to California. Cool Alaskan current produces morning fogs like SF Bay.
Most irrigated from underground aquifers (salination a problem)
135
Baja California
Mexico
Similar maritime influences to California. Cold Alaskian current produces morning fogs like SF bay.
Most irrigated from underground aquifers (salination a problem)
136
Niagara Pennisula
Continental
Between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Short hot summers. Long, extremely cold winters. Winter and Spring frost damage risk. Lake influences air movements.
Pelee Island and Lake Erie, North Shore are main AvAs
137
Okagnagan Valley
British Columbia
| Semi Desert. Near Northern viticulture limits. Edge of Sonoran Desert
138
Chile
Near perfect throughout. Maritime country. Different altitudes. Most in warm, dry Central Valley. Varying height to Coastal Range varies cooling influence of Pacific Breeze. Pacific Breeze influence more important than latitude. Spring Frost risk in some cooler areas.
139
Aconcagua Region
Chile.
Maritime. Close to sea. Maritime influence of Humbolt Current. Morning fogs like California slow ripening and allow complex flavours to develop Casablanca and San Antonio subregions
140
Casablanca
Chile- Maritime
Close to sea. Maritime influence of Humbolt Current. Morning fogs like California. Slow ripening and allow complex flavours to develop.
141
San Antonio
Chile.
Maritime. Close to sea. Maritime influence of Humbolt current. Morning fogs like California slow ripening and allow complex flavours to develop.
142
Central Valley Region
Chile. Between Andes and Coastal Cordillera. Cooled by Pacific Humbolt Current.
Maipo, Rapel, Curico, Maule, sub regions
143
Maipo
Warm site valley climate around Santiago
| Central Valley region
144
Curico
South in Central Valley.
Cooler, wetter, conditions due to cloud cover and Lattitude.
Chile.
145
Maule
Wettest of 4 Chilean Central Valley sub regions.
146
Chile's Southern Region
Planting on hills and nearer sea. Irrigation unnecessary. Climate suitable of aromatic whites.
Bio- Bio and Itala sub regions.
147
Bio- Bio
Chilean Southern region sub region. Planting on Hills and nearer sea. Irrigation unnecessary. Climate suitable for aromatic whites.
148
Itata
Chilean Southern regions sub region.
Planted on hills and nearer sea
Irrigation unnecessary. Climate suitable for aromatic whites.
149
Coquimbo Region
Chile's Northernmost wine region. Elqui Valley- Highest region in Chile, altitude creates long cool growing conditions perfect for Cab Sauv and Syrah. Limari Valley- East/ West valley, cooling morning fogs allow fine wine production.
Irrigated as 80- 100mm per year low rainfall.
150
Limari Valley
Coquimbo sub region (Chile).
| East/ West valley, cooling morning fogs allow fine wine production. Irrigated as 80- 100 mm per year low rainfall
151
Elqui Valley
Chile's Northernmost wine region. Coquimbo sub region (Chile) highest and most Northern region in Chile, altitude creates. Long cool growing conditions, perfect for Cab Sauv and Syrah
152
Cafayate
Salta Province, Argentina
| High altitude. Large diurnal temperature differences. Allow aroma and flavour with acidity.
153
San Juan
Argentina
| Hotter climate
154
Argentina
Planted close to Andes. From subtropical North to Salta to Patagonia. Most vineyards over 500m. Salta Vineyards over 2000m for Cool climate near Equator. Low rainfall as in rain shadow of Andes. Occasional Spring frosts in South. Hail threat each summer.
155
Uruguay
Temperate, Maritime
| Similar to Bordeaux. Rain year round makes Mildew and Black Spot a problem (lyre system training to minimise)
