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WSET Unit 2: Wine Production > Climate > Flashcards

Climate Flashcards

1
Q

Bergerac AC

A

Less Maritime influence than Bordeaux

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2
Q

Burgundy

A

Northern continental. Severe winters. Short, warm summers. Relatively low rainfall but vintage rains cause grey rot. Spring frosts and summer hail, especially in Chablis. Massif Central protects many vineyards from higher levels of rain.

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3
Q

Beaujolais

A

Warmer and drier than Northern Burgundy

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4
Q

Macconais

A

Warm continental

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5
Q

Cote Chalonnaise

A

Similar to Cote D’Or but warmer and with higher altitude

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6
Q

Alsace

A

Driest area in France. Vosges Mohntains protect from rain and wind. 1800+ sunshine hours. Hot summers. Long, autumns (Dry). Occasional summer hail storms. Occasional cold winter can kill vines. Overall near perfect climate. Warm mesoclimates close to Colmar (middle) 1 degree higher than averages.

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7
Q

Loire Central Vineyards

A

Continental with severe winters and hot summers.

Sancerre AC, Pouilly- Fume AC, Mentou- Salon, Reuilly, Quincy

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8
Q

Touraine

A

Continental climate. Warm summers and cold winters. Not as extreme as Loire Central vineyards.
Touraine, Vouvray, Montlouis, Chinon, Bourguiel, Saint Nicohlas De Bourgueil

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9
Q

Anjou- Saumur

A

Atlantic influenced but drier and warmer than Nantais. All day sun. Facing the prevailing winds.
Anjou, Saumur, Champigny, Coteaux Du Layon, Chaume, Bonneaux, Quarts De Chaume, Savennieres

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10
Q

Nantais

A

Temperate, damp and humid due to Atlantic proximity.
Mild winters (frost is rare).
Mild summers.

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11
Q

Germany

A

Marginal cool continental climate. Gradual ripening over long season retains acid.
Wet years botrytis more common
River proximity air flow important for frost protection.
South facing slopes maximise sun.

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12
Q

Pfalz

A

Shelter, sun and low rainfall provided by Haardt Mountain.
Mild winters.
Warm summer.

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13
Q

England and Wales

A

Latitude over 51 degrees North. Maritime and Gulfstream influences moderate. Spring frosts and rain @ flowering a problem.
Long season. Mild autumns.
Disease control an issue due to high rainfall.

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14
Q

Northern Rhone

A

Mistral is dominant feature. Strong, cold North wind cools climate bunt inhibits disease. Summers hot but not stifling. Frost risk in early spring and delayed ripening. Rain usually early spring and late autumn. Hail an occasional problem.

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15
Q

Southern Rhone

A

Mediterranean. Mild winters. Hot summer. Low rainfall. Plenty of sunshine. Mistral particularly strong as no protection from sunshine.

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16
Q

Languedoc

A

Mediterranean. Early springs. Hot, dry summers. Long Autumn. Rainy winters. Mistral and Tramontane wines can still cool otherwise stifling summer heat.

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17
Q

Geneva

A

Lake Geneva offers a warm micro climate and prevents frost risk.

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18
Q

Bordeaux

A

Moderate maritime. Long ripening season. High humidity (grey rot bad/ botrytis good). Even rainfall throughout year. Dunes and forests protect from Atlantic winds.

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19
Q

Austria

A

Central European.
Short cold winters.
Long warm summers.
Long autumns.

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20
Q

Hungary

A

Central European. Short, cold winters. Long warm summers. Long Autumn for ripening. 10.5 degrees average temp. 600 mm average annual rainfall.

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21
Q

Trans- Danubia

A

Around Lake Balaton. Protected from winds, ideal climate (Central European)

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22
Q

Romania

A

Climate divided by Carpathian Mountains. North and West= Continental, East= Maritime from Black Sea (Mild winters, Hot summers)

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23
Q

Piedmont

A

Alps dominate.

Severe winters. Long summer. Warm Autumns.

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24
Q

Valtellina DOC

A

Lombardy.

Long summer days, cool nights.

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25
Q

Terre Di Franciacorta DOC

A

Lake Iseo moderate microclimate

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26
Q

Veneto

A

Climate moderated by mountains in the North and sea in the East

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27
Q

Bardolino

A

Veneto

Cooler climate on shores of Lake Garda

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28
Q

Fruli- Venezia- Guilia

A

Hillsides bordering Slovenia benefit from Alps and Adriatic airflows.

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29
Q

Tuscany

A

Vineyards @ altitude on slopes have excellent sun exposure and wide diurnal temperature range.

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30
Q

Vernaccia Di Sa Gimignano

A

Tuscan DOCG.

High altitude hillside sites have great diurnal temperature range which keeps flavours and extends ripening period

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31
Q

Bolgheri DOC

A

More temperate than most of Tuscany due to proximity to the sea

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32
Q

Umbria

A

Similar to Tuscany but inland, so lacks moderating influence of the sea

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33
Q

Puglia

A

Hot, maritime climate

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34
Q

Sicily

A

Interior mountains have cooler climate producing better wines.

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35
Q

4 Spanish climate zones

A

North West= Atlantic
East Coast= Mediterranean
Centre= Continental
Southern= Coastal with hot winds

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36
Q

Central Spain

A

Can be Mediterranean/ Continental
OR
Atlantic/ Continental
Varying by vintage

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37
Q

Rioja Alavesa

A

Cool maritime influence from the Atlantic. Relatively high rainfall. Whole of Rioja protected by mountains on all sides.

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38
Q

Rioja Alta

A

Maritime

Warmer and drier than Rioja Alavesa

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39
Q

Rioja Baja

A

Continental

Hot summers. Severe winters.

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40
Q

Navarra

A

Broad range of micro- climates

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41
Q

Somotano

A

Navarra sub region (Pyrenees foothills).

Cool climate with significant rainfall.

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42
Q

Calatayud

A

Navarra sub region. Northeast Spain. Continental and arid.

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43
Q

Catalunya

A

Broad range of Climates

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44
Q

Penedes

A

3 zones:
Hot continental coastal plain
Temperate inland (Cava)
Cool continental high altitude Plantings inland

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45
Q

Conca De Barbera

A

Catalunya sub- region:

Cool sunny climate, low rainfall, cooling winds from sea.

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46
Q

Costers Del Segre

A

Catalunya sub region:

Severe, semi arid climate. Very low rainfall. Irrigation network (also protects against frost)

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47
Q

Priorat (Priorato)

A

Catalunya sub- region:
Continental
Hot and Dry but cooler @ altitude
Low rainfall

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48
Q

Tarragona

A

Catalunya sub- region:
Mediterranean near coast
Continental further inland

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49
Q

VdlT De Castilla

A

Hot, arid pains

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50
Q

Duero Valley

A

Harsh continental climate

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51
Q

Toro

A

Continental- extremely hot summers

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52
Q

Rueda

A

Continental

Cool evenings give elegance.

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53
Q

Ribera Del Duero

A

Continental

Warm summer and cool nights. Altitude tempers climate (higher altitude than Rioja)

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54
Q

Rias Baixas

A

Cool, damp, maritime climate

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55
Q

Galacia

A

North, West Spain

Cool, damp maritime

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56
Q

The Levant

A

Mediterranean

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57
Q

Valencia

A

Warm Mediterranean

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58
Q

Alicante

A

Hot Mediterranean climate

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59
Q

Jumilla

A

Hot Mediterranean climate

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60
Q

The Meseta

A

Extremely continental climate.

Hot and dry.

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61
Q

Valdepenas

A

Extremely continental climate
Hot and dry
(Meseta sub region)

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62
Q

Vinho Verde

A

Warm summer

High rainfall in summer and often in harvest (disease threat)

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63
Q

Central Portugal

64
Q

Bairrada

A

Central Portugal:

Maritime climate, damp and rainy

65
Q

Ribatejo

A

Maritime influence:

Cooling morning mists around Tagus estuary. Inland the temperature is relatively hot.

66
Q

Palmela

A

Warm maritime:

Mild winters. Warm summers. Adequate rain, mainly in winter and spring.

67
Q

Alentejo

A

Continental climate:

Low rainfall, hot summers.

68
Q

Northern Greece

A

High altitude cool climate.

Naoussa, Goumenissa and Drama Valley

69
Q

Naoussa

A

High altitude cool climate.

Macedonian Mountains

70
Q

Goumenissa

A

High altitude.

Macedonian Mountains

71
Q

Rapsani

A

Central Greece.

Prevailing winds help prevent. Fungal disease (near Mount Olympus)

72
Q

Nemea

A

Peloponnese Pennisula

Mild winters. Hot summers. Rainfall limited to Autumn and Spring.

73
Q

Black Sea Region

A

Bulgaria

Climate moderated by the sea. Mountains reduce maritime influence inland (red production)

74
Q

Danube Plain

A

Continental with hot summers

75
Q

Struma Valley Region

A

Valley extends Mediterranean climate inland

76
Q

Sub- Bulkan Region

A

Bulgaria.

Deep valleys produce unique micro climates (white grapes)

77
Q

Coastal Region (South Africa)

A

Influence by the sea. Ideal for Sauvignon Blanc.

78
Q

Tygerberg District

A

Influenced by the sea. Ideal for Sauvignon Blanc.

79
Q

Stellenbosch

A

Warm Mediterranean climate

80
Q

Paarl

A

Warmer, less maritime. Influenced climate. Considerable climate variation.

81
Q

Tulbagh District

A

Hot climate, surrounded by mountains.

Varied climate due to typography.

82
Q

Breede River Valley region

A

Hot inland climate.

Canopy management enable white and sparkling production despite heat

83
Q

South African Climate

A

Mediterranean:
Cool Benguela Ocean current cools far inland. Low rainfall makes irrigation necessary in most sites. Cool, low altitude coastal regions. Warmer inland regions eg Stellenbosch

84
Q

Morocco

A

Vineyards @ over 500m altitude

Atlas Mountains. Cooled by Atlantic breezes.

85
Q

Tunisia

A

Best vineyards on the Coast near Tunis

86
Q

Australia

A

Hot Mediterranean near the coast. Major differences between zones. Some cool climate sites such as Tasmanian and high altitude mainland sites.

87
Q

Lower Hunter zone

A

High rainfall @ harvest (Grey rot problem)

88
Q

Upper Hunter Valley Zone

A

Drier than lower Hunter so grey rot less of a problem.

89
Q

Central Ranges Zone

A

Mudgee, Orange, Cowra
Cooler climate Hilltop regions (over 600m)
Slopes of the Western Ranges

90
Q

Canberra

A

High altitude with frost problems

91
Q

Port Phillip Zone

A

Cool and wet. Underripe news and fungal disease a problem.

92
Q

Mornington Pennisula

A

Maritime Climate

93
Q

Geelong

A

Barren and very windy

94
Q

King Valley

A

North- East Victoria zone.

High altitude, cool climate sights

95
Q

Alpine Valley

A

North- east Victoria zone.

High altitude, cool climate sites

96
Q

Pyrenees

A

Rolling countryside. Cooler climate.

97
Q

Bendigo

A

Warmer than the Pyrenees

98
Q

Western Victoria Zone

A

Pyrennees- Cooler climate

Bendigo- Warmer climate

99
Q

Tasmania

A

Cool climate

100
Q

Lower Murray Zone

A

Hot climate leads to sugar ripeness before phenolic ripeness.
Riverland.

101
Q

Barossa Zone

A

Long dry summers. Hot climate with occasional drought.

102
Q

McLaren Vale

A

Cooled by ocean breezes

103
Q

Mount Lofty Ranges Zone

A

Clare Valley

Cool nights

104
Q

Piccadilly Valley

A

Cool climate.

Chardonnay resembles Sauvignon Blanc. Due to high acid and flavour structure.

105
Q

Limestone Coast Zone

A

Cool climate. Influenced by Ocean Current. Spring frosts, harvest rain and under ripeness are main problems.
Coonawarra and Padthaway (Padthaway is slightly warmer)

106
Q

Greater Perth Zone

A

Swan Valley.

Very hot with dry summers.

107
Q

South- West Australia Zone

A

Margaret River

Maritime. Dry warm summers. Wet winters due to sea’s proximity. Strong Spring winds can disrupt flowering.

108
Q

New Zealand

A

Range of climates. Subtropical Auckland. Cool in far south. Predominately maritime. Central Otago continental and very dry. Most vineyards on East coast to protect against West Coast rains.

109
Q

Auckland

A

Sub tropical

NZ’s Warmest wine region

110
Q

Marlborough

A

NZ’s sunniest area

111
Q

Nelson

A

Planted in Moutere Hills.

Long fine Autumns produce good late harvest Rieslings.

112
Q

Waipara

A

Sheltered valley area.

Long, dry summers and autumns

113
Q

Central Otago

A

Continental.
High altitude among Southern Alps. Large diurnal temperature fluctuation. Hot, dry summers. Cool, crisp winters. Spring and Autumn frosts an annual hazard.

114
Q

Japan

A

Unpredictable. Trouble ripening, problems with grape health.

115
Q

India

A

Extremes in climate make grape growing difficult

116
Q

California

A

Length leads to large range of climates. UC Davis zonal classification based on degree days. Cooling mists and fogs from Pacific. Provide temp. contrasts and humidity where there is no fog Plantings often @ altitudes to avoid heat.

117
Q

North Coastal Region

A

California.
Wide range from warm Mediterranean to cool with Spring frosts.
Napa, Caneros, Sonoma, Russian River Valley, Mendocino

118
Q

Napa Valley AVA

A

Morning mist rolls in from the bay to cool climate

119
Q

Anderson Valley

A

Cool climate.

Mendocino country sub- region in North Coast Region

120
Q

North Central Coast

A

Monterey Country= cool and dry Santa Cruz Mountains= cool (Zone one)

121
Q

Monterey Country

A

Cool and Dry

122
Q

Santa Cruz Mountains

A

Cool (Zone one)

123
Q

South Central Coast

A

Mountains are E/W not N/S facilitating flow of cool ocean breezes.
Santa Ynez Valley and Paso Robles

124
Q

Central Valley (California)

A

Hot
Zone 4 and 5
Lodi sub region in North is cooler

125
Q

Sierra Foothills

A

Californian Rockies foothills.

Hot days and cool nights ensuring good fruit concentration.

126
Q

Oregon

A

Maritime
Pacific Ocean and warm North Pacific drift- influence.
Willamette Valley- mild winters and warm summers Limpqua Valley and Rogue Valley- warmer climate

127
Q

Willamette Valley

A

Mild winters and warm summers

Oregon

128
Q

Umpqua Valkey and Rogue Valley

A

Warmer Oregon sub regions South of Willamette

129
Q

Washington State

A

Extreme continental climate.
Inland regions dry, almost desert. Severe winter frost a threat Columbia Valley, Yakima Valley and Walla Walla sub region

130
Q

Colombia Valley

A

Extreme continental climate

Inland regions dry almost desert. Severe winter frost a threat Washington state.

131
Q

New York State

A

Lakes and Ocean provide warm, moderating effect on climate.
Annual frost risk @ Finger Lakes.
Finger lakes, Hudson Valley, Long Island

132
Q

Finger Lakes

A

Lakes and Ocean provide warm, moderating effect on climate.

Annual frost risk New York State.

133
Q

Hudson Valley and Long Island

A

Lakes and ocean provide warm, moderating effect on climate.

New York State.

134
Q

Mexico

A

Baja, California.
Similar Maritime influences to California. Cool Alaskan current produces morning fogs like SF Bay.
Most irrigated from underground aquifers (salination a problem)

135
Q

Baja California

A

Mexico
Similar maritime influences to California. Cold Alaskian current produces morning fogs like SF bay.
Most irrigated from underground aquifers (salination a problem)

136
Q

Niagara Pennisula

A

Continental
Between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Short hot summers. Long, extremely cold winters. Winter and Spring frost damage risk. Lake influences air movements.
Pelee Island and Lake Erie, North Shore are main AvAs

137
Q

Okagnagan Valley

A

British Columbia

Semi Desert. Near Northern viticulture limits. Edge of Sonoran Desert

138
Q

Chile

A

Near perfect throughout. Maritime country. Different altitudes. Most in warm, dry Central Valley. Varying height to Coastal Range varies cooling influence of Pacific Breeze. Pacific Breeze influence more important than latitude. Spring Frost risk in some cooler areas.

139
Q

Aconcagua Region

A

Chile.
Maritime. Close to sea. Maritime influence of Humbolt Current. Morning fogs like California slow ripening and allow complex flavours to develop Casablanca and San Antonio subregions

140
Q

Casablanca

A

Chile- Maritime
Close to sea. Maritime influence of Humbolt Current. Morning fogs like California. Slow ripening and allow complex flavours to develop.

141
Q

San Antonio

A

Chile.
Maritime. Close to sea. Maritime influence of Humbolt current. Morning fogs like California slow ripening and allow complex flavours to develop.

142
Q

Central Valley Region

A

Chile. Between Andes and Coastal Cordillera. Cooled by Pacific Humbolt Current.
Maipo, Rapel, Curico, Maule, sub regions

143
Q

Maipo

A

Warm site valley climate around Santiago

Central Valley region

144
Q

Curico

A

South in Central Valley.
Cooler, wetter, conditions due to cloud cover and Lattitude.
Chile.

145
Q

Maule

A

Wettest of 4 Chilean Central Valley sub regions.

146
Q

Chile’s Southern Region

A

Planting on hills and nearer sea. Irrigation unnecessary. Climate suitable of aromatic whites.
Bio- Bio and Itala sub regions.

147
Q

Bio- Bio

A

Chilean Southern region sub region. Planting on Hills and nearer sea. Irrigation unnecessary. Climate suitable for aromatic whites.

148
Q

Itata

A

Chilean Southern regions sub region.
Planted on hills and nearer sea
Irrigation unnecessary. Climate suitable for aromatic whites.

149
Q

Coquimbo Region

A

Chile’s Northernmost wine region. Elqui Valley- Highest region in Chile, altitude creates long cool growing conditions perfect for Cab Sauv and Syrah. Limari Valley- East/ West valley, cooling morning fogs allow fine wine production.
Irrigated as 80- 100mm per year low rainfall.

150
Q

Limari Valley

A

Coquimbo sub region (Chile).

East/ West valley, cooling morning fogs allow fine wine production. Irrigated as 80- 100 mm per year low rainfall

151
Q

Elqui Valley

A

Chile’s Northernmost wine region. Coquimbo sub region (Chile) highest and most Northern region in Chile, altitude creates. Long cool growing conditions, perfect for Cab Sauv and Syrah

152
Q

Cafayate

A

Salta Province, Argentina

High altitude. Large diurnal temperature differences. Allow aroma and flavour with acidity.

153
Q

San Juan

A

Argentina

Hotter climate

154
Q

Argentina

A

Planted close to Andes. From subtropical North to Salta to Patagonia. Most vineyards over 500m. Salta Vineyards over 2000m for Cool climate near Equator. Low rainfall as in rain shadow of Andes. Occasional Spring frosts in South. Hail threat each summer.

155
Q

Uruguay

A

Temperate, Maritime

Similar to Bordeaux. Rain year round makes Mildew and Black Spot a problem (lyre system training to minimise)

WSET Unit 2: Wine Production (7 decks)

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