climate 1.1-1.4

Question 1

what is weather

Answer 1

the state of atmosphere at a particular place and time.

Question 2

what is climate

Answer 2

the average state of the atmosphere at a particular place over a log period of time, typically 25 years

Question 3

climate types

Answer 3

tropical equatorial climate
tropical monsoon climate
cool temperature climate

Question 4

tropical equatorial climate ?

Answer 4

generally high temperature while year, abt 27 degree c
small annual temp range abt 2-3 degree c
high annual precipitation , more than 2000mm
precipitation falls evenly throughout every year
10 degree N and 10 degree S of equator
eg singapore

Question 5

tropical monsoon climate

Answer 5

generally high temp whole year, abt 25 degree c
small annual temp range abt 3-4 degree c
high annual precipitation abt 1500mm
distinct wet and dry seasons
5 degree N/S and 30 degree N/S of equator
eg kochi, india

Question 6

cool temperature climate

Answer 6

4 distinct seasons
large annual temp range of abt 21 degree c
annual ppt between 300-900mm
ppt falls evenly throughout the year
between 45 degree N/S and 60 degree N/S of the equator
eg London, UK

Question 7

relative humidity

Answer 7

ratio of amt of water vapour present in air to the max amt of water vapour the air can hold at a given temp
formula : (amt of water vapour present / max amt of water vapour air can hold) X 100%

Question 8

convectional rain

Answer 8

heat from the sun is absorb by land and air above it gains heat .
the warm air rises and cools, and condenses on condensation nuclei at dew point temperature , clouds are form
water droplets in the clouds collide and coalesce , when they are large enough , they fall rain
e.g. frequent afternoon thunderstorm in SG

Question 9

relief rain

Answer 9

prevailing winds pick up moisture over the sea , push the moist air up the windward side of the mountain
rising moist air cools and condenses on condensation nuclei at dew point temperature, clouds are formed
water droplets in the clouds collides and coalesce, when they become large and heavy enough, they fall as rain on the windward side.
most of the moisture has fallen on the windward side , the leeward side experiences dry and descending air, thus it is dry .
eg. wws of sierra Nevada mountain ranges , USA, receives higher rainfall thus has lush forests
lws is hot and dry creating death vally dessert

Question 10

latitude

Answer 10

is the distance of any point of the earth measured .

Question 11

how latitude affects temp

Answer 11

low lat , solar angle is higher ( 90dc), sunray / solar radiation is more concentrated on a smaller area , higher temp
high lat, solar angle is lower (10dc) sunray / solar radiation less concentrated is spread / diffuse over a wider area, lower temp
eg. beijing,china (40dc N of equator) average temp is 12dc . sg(10dc n) of equator average temp is 29dc

Question 12

how altitude affect temp

Answer 12

high alt, air is less dense & air pressure >less able/ lower ability to absorb heat and radiate hear > low temp
low alt , high air density and air pressure > higher ability to absorb and radiate heat >higher temp
eg. genting highlands (alt 1700m above sea lvl) average temp of 21dc
at sea lvl average temp of 32dc

Question 13

how types of surface affect temp

Answer 13

more dark surface which absorb more solar radiation and radiate more heat
skyscrapers have glass reflects sunlight to ground surface , increases absorption of solar radiation.> high temp
eg urban areas, raffles place sg
light coloured surface reflect more solar radiation and radiate less heat > low temp
eg. ski resort greenland.

Question 14

how distance from sea affect temp

Answer 14

sea heats up and cools down more slowly than land . hence during winter, sea is warmer than land , warming the air along coastal area. During summer, sea is cooler the land, cooling the air along coastal area.
coastal area : experience cool summer, warm winter due to maritime effect > low temp [ eg. Anchorage , USA annual temp range of 23 dc ]
inland are : warm summers , cold winters due to continental effect > high temp [ eg. Fairbanks, USA annual temp of 40 dc ]

Question 15

how are clouds formed

Answer 15

air rises up the atmosphere, it cools , reducing the amt of water vapour it can hold.
the amt of water vapour in the air will exceeds the max amt of water vapour the air can hold
at this temp[ dew pt temp] air condenses into water droplets at condensation nuclei
condensation nuclei provide surfaces where water vapour can change into water droplets /solid ice crystal and form clouds.

Question 16

how are winds form

Answer 16

1. places w higher temp, air is heated, becoming less dense and rises, this creates a void and area of lower atmospheric pressure
2. places w low temp , air cools, becoming more dense and sinks, resulting in an area of higher atmospheric pressure.
3. air moves from area of higher pressure to lower pressure to fill in the void , hence wind is form

Question 17

land breeze/ sea breeze

Answer 17

land: at night, both land and sea loses heat thru longwave radiation. . the sea and air above it lose heat slowly , the warmer air is less dense and rises, forming lower pressure over the sea. the land and the air above it lose heat quickly , cooler air is denser and sinks, forming higher pressure over land.
air moves from an area of higher pressure over the land to lower pressure over the sea forming land breeze
sea: at day time, …..by shortwave radiation
the sea…..gain heat slowly , cooler air is denser and sinks forming high pressure over sea, land….gain heat quickly , warmer air is less dense and rises forming low pressure over land . air moves from higher pressure over see to lower pressure over land forming sea breeze
[ technically u js hv to memorise one then the other one is opposite of it]

Question 18

Northeast Monsoon

Answer 18

: takes place between oct-feb, when it is summer in the southern hemisphere
:air over Australia heats up, expands and rises, forming a region of low pressure over it
:during the same period the northern hemisphere is experiencing winter
:an area of high pressure develops over the Indian sub-continent and central Asia
: due to diff in pressure between northern and southern hemisphere, air move from the India sub-continent and central Asia ( hp) to Australia (lp)
:in the northern hemisphere , winds get deflected to the right, forming the northeast monsoon wind.
: as the winds blow over the south China sea, the winds picks up moisture which brings heavy rain to Singapore

Question 19

southwest monsoon

Question 20

wind

Answer 20

is the horizontal movement of air across earth’s surface
occurs due to uneven distribution of air temp resulting in uneven distribution of pressure gradient. alw from high pressure to low pressure