CLEP* Study Guide Flashcards
Syntax
How words are put together
Coordination
How you connect ideas together
Subordination
How you make one idea subordinate to another idea
Modifier
A descriptive phrase or word
Comma Splice
When two complete sentences are tied together with a comma
Run-on Sentence
Two sentences put together without appropriate punctuation
Sentence Fragment
An incomplete sentence
Simple sentence
One independent clause
Compound Sentence
Two or more independent clauses with out a dependent clause
Compound Complex Sentence
Two or more independent clauses with a dependent clause
Subject-Verb Agreement
When the subject and verb of a sentence don’t go together
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
When the pronoun doesn’t match its antecedents
Idiom
A phrase without a literal meaning
Antecedents
Going before, preceding
,
Comma
;
Semi-colon
:
Colon
?
Question Mark
!
Exclamation Point
{ }
Ellipses
” “
Quotation Marks
Noun
Person, Place, or thing
Verb
An Action
Adjective
Modifies a noun
Nominative Case
I, you, she, he, we, you ,they
Objective Case
Me, you, her, him, us, the
Possessive Case
My, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, their, theirs
Compound Personal Pronouns
Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Relative Pronouns
Who, that, which, what
Interrogative Pronouns
Who, which, what
Agreement in Subject and Verb
The same in singular or plural
Indefinite Pronouns
All, any, both, each, either, everybody, none, one, several, some, someone
Diction Errors
Incorrect word choices
Idiom Errors
Expressions that are not always clear from the meaning of the words (kick the bucket)
Modifiers
Describe words
Verbs
Tell what the subject does or what is done to it
Base Form of Verbs
I play
Verb Form with -s
He/she/it plays
Past Tense Verb
I played
Past Participle Verb
I have played
Present Participle
I am playing
Fragment
An incomplete sentence that is punctuated as if it were complete
Comma Splice
Two independent clauses containing a comma
Run-on Sentence
Two independent clauses that are not separated by a conjunction or proper punctuation
Topic Sentence
The first sentence introducing the subject of a paragraph
Restatement or Restriction
The second sentence can restate or restrict what was written in the first sentence. making the subject more specific
Illustration
This section of the paragraph consists of the illustrations (evidence, data, facts, quotes, ect.) that support your topic
Analysis
Explain, interpret, and contextualize the illustrations that have been made
Conclusion
The final sentence (or two) might review what the paragraph has discussed and/or reemphasize what is being suggested
Accept - define:
To receive
Except - define:
To exclude
Affect (vb.) - define
To influence, to change
Effect - define
A) To accomplish (vb.)
B) A result (n.)
All right — is it spelled correctly?
Correct spelling
Alright — is it spelled correctly?
Incorrect spelling
When is the word ‘Among’ used?
Used where referring to more than two
When is the word ‘Between’ used?
Used when referring to only two
When is the word ‘Continual’ used?
With Recurring actions, repeated regularly and frequently
When is the word ‘Disinterested’ used?
Used to convey:
Impartial (neutral)
When is the word ‘Continuous’ used?
Used to convey:
Occurring without interrupt
When is the word ‘Uninterested’ used?
Used to convey:
No interest (Not interested)
When is the word ‘Emigrate’ used?
Used to convey:
One emigrates from a place
Emigrate (Verb)
Definition: Leaves one’s country in order to permanently reside in another
When is the word ‘Immigrate’ used?
Used to convey:
One immigrates to a place
Immigrate (Verb)
Definition: Come to live permanently in a foreign country
When is the word ‘Eminent’ used?
Used to convey:
Outstanding, distinguishing
Eminent (adjective)
Definition: Famous or respected within a particular sphere or profession
When is the word ‘Well’ used?
An adverb when referring how an action is performed
When is the word ‘Respectively’ used?
Used to covey:
Each in a given order.
Respectively (adverb)
Definition: Separately or individually and in the order already mentioned
When is the word ‘Respectfully’ used?
Used to convey:
Courteously
When is the word ‘Set’ used?
Used to convey:
To put or to place
When is the word ‘unquestionable’ used?
Used to convey:
Indisputable
Unquestionable (adjective)
Definition: not able to be disputed or doubted
When is the word ‘No expectations’ used?
Used to convey:
Always, every, all, only, never, none, not, must, necessary
When is the word ‘unquestioned’ used?
Used to convey:
Has not been questioned
Unquestioned (adjective)
Definition: Not examined or inquired into
When is the word ‘imminent’ used?
Used to convey:
Threatening to happen soon
Imminent (adjective)
Definition: About to happen
When is the word ‘Ensure’ used?
Used to convey:
To guarantee; to make safe
Ensure (Verb)
Definition: Make sure that (something) shall occur or be the case
When is the word ‘Insure’ used?
To provide insurance against loss
Insure (Verb)
Definition: Arrange for compensation in the case of damage or loss
When is the word ‘Farther’ used?
Used to convey:
Describes distance
Farther (adverb)
Definition: at, to, or by a greater distance
When is the word ‘Further’ used?
Used to convey:
Additionally; suggests quantity or degree
When is the word ‘Fewer’ used?
Used to convey:
Used when nouns can counted and made plural (fewer students)
Fewer (adjective & pronoun)
Definition: A small number of
When is the word ‘Less’ used?
Used to convey:
When nouns can not be counted or made plural (less homework)
When is the word ‘Good’ used?
Used to convey:
An adjective before a noun or after a linking verb (look good)
Define Antecedent
A noun which is referred to using a pronoun
Define Denotation
The literal meaning of a word
Define Connotation
The implied meaning of a word (using context)
What is a transition?
A way to change to a new topic
Define pronoun
A word that replaces a noun
Ex. He, she, her, his, it, that
Define Conjunction
A word which is used to connect ideas phrases or sentence parts
Ex. And, but, so
Define fragment
An incomplete sentence
Define interrogative pronoun
A pronoun used to start a sentence (who, what, which, whom and whose)
