CLEP HD

Question 1

Erikson’s stages: Year 1

Answer 1

Trust vs mistrust:

Is environment positive or negative

Question 2

Erikson’s stages: Years 1-3

Answer 2

Autonomy vs shame

Begins to become independent- unless punished

Question 3

Erikson’s stages: Years 4 and 5

Answer 3

Initiative vs guilt

Seek out information and becomes responsible

Question 4

Erikson’s stages: Years six to puberty

Answer 4

Industry vs inferiority

Develops cognitive sophistication

Question 5

Erikson’s stages: Adolescence

Answer 5

Identity vs identity confusion

Child seeks his own identity

Question 6

Erikson’s stages: Early Adulthood

Answer 6

Intimacy vs isolation

Person begins to establish close relationships

Question 7

Erikson’s stages: Middle adulthood

Answer 7

Generativity versus stagnation

Becomes more socially integrated or is isolated

Question 8

Erikson’s stages: Late adulthood

Answer 8

Integrity vs despair

More complex personality or existential angst

Question 9

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: base of pyramid

Answer 9

Physiological needs

Question 10

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: layer 2 (from bottom)

Answer 10

Safety

Question 11

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: third level from bottom

Answer 11

Love and belonging

Question 12

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: fourth level from bottom

Answer 12

Esteem

Question 13

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: Fifth level from bottom

Answer 13

Self-actualization

Question 14

Mechanistic model of development

Answer 14

People change in gradual but continuous ways because of external influences

Question 15

Organismic model of development

Answer 15

Individuals responsible for changes in ther own lives. Personal change occurs in discrete steps, not entirely external

Question 16

Continuity model of development

Answer 16

learning is a major determinant of behavior and occurs slowly over time

Question 17

Discontinuous model of development

Answer 17

Personality development as a series of defined stages in which ego and personae undergo measurable change (Piaget, Freud, Erikson)

Question 18

Vygotsky’s sociocultural cognitive theory

Answer 18

Sociocultural model: Social and cultural forces are the predominant influence on human development
Language is the fundamental driver of reason and memory. To learn use language, mnemonics, and mathematics.

Question 19

Lifespan perspective

Answer 19

Emphasizes continuous progress until death. Development occurs in biology, intellect, attention, abstract thinking and social skill. Emphasizes context of family, community, religion, peer group and society