CLEP HD Flashcards
Erikson’s stages: Year 1
Trust vs mistrust:
Is environment positive or negative
Erikson’s stages: Years 1-3
Autonomy vs shame
Begins to become independent- unless punished
Erikson’s stages: Years 4 and 5
Initiative vs guilt
Seek out information and becomes responsible
Erikson’s stages: Years six to puberty
Industry vs inferiority
Develops cognitive sophistication
Erikson’s stages: Adolescence
Identity vs identity confusion
Child seeks his own identity
Erikson’s stages: Early Adulthood
Intimacy vs isolation
Person begins to establish close relationships
Erikson’s stages: Middle adulthood
Generativity versus stagnation
Becomes more socially integrated or is isolated
Erikson’s stages: Late adulthood
Integrity vs despair
More complex personality or existential angst
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: base of pyramid
Physiological needs
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: layer 2 (from bottom)
Safety
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: third level from bottom
Love and belonging
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: fourth level from bottom
Esteem
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: Fifth level from bottom
Self-actualization
Mechanistic model of development
People change in gradual but continuous ways because of external influences
Organismic model of development
Individuals responsible for changes in ther own lives. Personal change occurs in discrete steps, not entirely external
Continuity model of development
learning is a major determinant of behavior and occurs slowly over time
Discontinuous model of development
Personality development as a series of defined stages in which ego and personae undergo measurable change (Piaget, Freud, Erikson)
Vygotsky’s sociocultural cognitive theory
Sociocultural model: Social and cultural forces are the predominant influence on human development
Language is the fundamental driver of reason and memory. To learn use language, mnemonics, and mathematics.
Lifespan perspective
Emphasizes continuous progress until death. Development occurs in biology, intellect, attention, abstract thinking and social skill. Emphasizes context of family, community, religion, peer group and society
