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Adaptive Equipment > Cleaning/Standard Precautions and Vitals > Flashcards

Cleaning/Standard Precautions and Vitals Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of transmission-based precautions?

A

contact, droplet, airborne

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2
Q

What are the 2 main categories of isolation precautions?

A

standard and transmission-based

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3
Q

What diseases require airborne precautions?

A

(MTV)
Measles (Rubeola)
Tuberculosis
Varicella-Zoster
- disseminated herpes zoster (shingles) and chicken pox

Variola - erradicated, but just in case
SARS

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4
Q

What are standard precautions?

A

Basic precautions used for all patients

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5
Q

What is asepsis?

A

absence of disease producing micro organisms

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6
Q

When should you wash your hands?

A

Before and after contact with patient or patient stuff or equipment, after removing gloves too!!
- Some places have policy “Wash in-Gel Out”
Before and after potty break
Before and after eating, smoking or drinking
After sneezing, coughing, blowing or picking nose
Should take at least 30 seconds-some sources say 60 sec
- Jewelry and finger nails can carry germs!

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7
Q

What diseases are most likely to affect us?

A

Hepatitis B (ABCDE)
AIDs (everyone is scared of this one, but the others are more likely)
Tuberculosis
Staphylococcal
Nosocomial
- Many places are calling this HAI-healthcare-associated infection

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8
Q

What organizations do we answer to?

A

CDC: Centers for Disease Control
OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
State Health Departments
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency
CARF: Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities
The Joint Commission
Others-NIOSH-National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
Follow policy: the facility is responsible but you’re the one who gets it!

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9
Q

List the vital signs

A

Heart rate (HR) or pulse (P)
Blood pressure (BP)
Respiratory rate (RR)
Oxygen saturation (SpO2)
Temperature (T)

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10
Q

What do you look at when checking pulse rate?

A

Rate (basal and resting)
- basal is taken first thing in the morning
Regularity
Amplitude
- measured on subjective ascending scale
- scale from 0-4; 4 is strongest pulse, 1 is thready

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11
Q

Pulse rate

A

Normal: 60-100bpm
Bradycardia (slow): <60bpm
Tachycardia (fast): >100bpm
Regularity: evenness of pulse rate

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12
Q

What are different methods used to check pulse?

A

Manual palpation with mechanical devices: femoral, dorsalis pedis, popliteal, carotid, radial
- DON’T USE THUMB TO MANUALLY TAKE PULSE
Auscultation
Doppler measurements
Pulse oximeter
- fingernail polish, temperature, and fake nails can throw it off

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13
Q

Pulse Methods

A

Arterial blood gases (PaO2): measured through blood draw
Oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels: measured using pulse ox
Heart rate: beats per minute (bpm)
Maximal heart rate
Target heart rate

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14
Q

What is arterial patency?

A

Presence or absence of blood flow at point of pulse palpation
Increased patency = increased blood flow
Observation
Palpation of pulses
Rate of capillary refill: test for blanching
- lose blood flow –> pressure sore

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15
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Measure of vascular resistance to blood flow
systolic/diastolic

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16
Q

What types of pressure are measure when taking BP?

A

Systolic: pressure when heart is contracting
Diastolic: pressure when heart is at rest

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17
Q

What do we use to measure BP?

A

Sphygmomanometer

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18
Q

Where and how do we measure BP?

A

Method
- Auscultation of artery using stethoscope while sphygmomanometer applied over artery being auscultated
Site
- Left upper arm

19
Q

What is normal BP?

A

120/80 but can change due to stress, physical activity, and age

20
Q

Prehypertension

A
21
Q

Stage 1 hypertension

A
22
Q

Stage 2 hypertension

A
23
Q

What is respiration/respiratory rate?

A

Rate of breathing

24
Q

What methods are used to measure RR?

A

Auscultation: stethoscope
Observation
Palpation

25
Q

What are the norms for RR?

A

Newborn: 30-60 bpm
Adults: 12–20 bpm

26
Q

What is the purpose of taking temperature?

A

Basal metabolic state, presence of infection, metabolic response to exercise

27
Q

What methods are used to take temperature?

A

Thermometers (electronic, heat-sensitive strips) or palpation
Rectal is the most accurate

28
Q

What are the norms for temperature?

A

98.6˚F or 37˚C

29
Q

Pain is (subjective/objective)

A

subjective

30
Q

What is the purpose of measuring pain?

A

Diagnosis
Prognosis
Appropriate interventions
Responses to interventions

31
Q

How do we measure pain?

A

Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale

32
Q

What are the norms when measuring pain?

A

0 = nonexistent
1–3 = minimal
4–6 = moderate
7–10 = severe pain

33
Q

What are anthropometrics?

A

Size
Weight
Proportions of human body
Body mass index (BMI)

34
Q

What are isolation precautions?

A

Isolation precautions are the preventative steps needed to be taken by healthcare workers and staff to prevent the spread or transmission of infections.

35
Q

How do you calculate maximal heart rate?

A

220 - age

36
Q

How do you measure target heart rate? 60%, 80%?

A

MHR x 0.6

MHR x 0.8

37
Q

How long does it take for a pressure sore to develop?

A

15 minutes

38
Q

How do you know when to stop pumping up the BP cuff?

A
39
Q

When do you not use left arm to take BP?

A

Stroke - causing flaccidity or spasticity
Amputation

40
Q

When is activity contraindicated with BP?

A

Systolic doesn’t rise in proportion with activity
A decrease in systolic > 10
Systolic is >240
Increase in diastolic >20 with activity

41
Q

When BP is outside the norms, what questions do you want to ask your patient?

A

Is it normal?
Do you have chest pain?
Are you dehydrated?
Do you take BP meds?
Have you taken your meds yet?
What meds are you taking?

42
Q

If a client has high BP and feels like they need to have a BM, what is this a sign of?

A

heart attack

43
Q

When should you use contact precautions?

A

ABCDEF
- “A” for abscess; you can use standard precautions with minor drainage
- “B” for bronchiolitis; the 2 more common viruses that cause bronchiolitis (RSV and parainfluenze) require contact precautions
- “C” for cutaneous; any disease involving the skin (herpes zoster, varicella, lice, strep)
- “D” for diarrhea; C. diff, norovirus, rotavirus, hepatitis A
- “E” for eyes; conjunctivitis (pink eye)
- “F” for funky or feisty; MRSA and VRE

44
Q

When doffing PPE what parts are considered clean?

A

Mask and glasses (behind ears only)
Inside of gown

Adaptive Equipment (12 decks)

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