CLEANING AGENTS Flashcards
WHAT IS SOAP?
-Potassium or sodium fatty acid salts.
HOW DOES SOAP PRODUCED?
-From the neutralisation reaction between fatty acids and alkalis
HOW CAN THE SOURCE OF FATTY ACIDS BE OBTAINED?
-From natural esters in animals fats or vegetable oils
WHAT IS THE GENERAL FORMULA FOR SOAP?
RCOO^-Na^+ or RCOO^-K^+
WHAT IS DETERGENT?
Non- soap cleaning agents, sodium salts of sulphonic acids
NAME TWO TYPES OF SULPHONIC ACIDS USED TO MAKE DETERGENTS
- Alkyl sulphonic acid
- Alkylbenzene Sulphonic Acid
DETERGENTS ARE USUALLY MADE FROM SYNTHETIC SOURCES, SUCH AS_______________
Petroleum fractions
WHAT IS SAPONIFICATION?
Preparation of soaps through Hydrolysis of oils or fats in NaOH or KOH solutions.
General Equation: Oil/fat + Concentrated Alkali—> Soap + Glycerol
OILS AND FATS ARE NATURAL ESTERS KNOWN AS ______
Triglycerides
DETERGENTS ARE USUALLY MADE FROM _______
Petroleum fractions and sulphuric acid, H2SO4
NAME TWO PROCESS THAT ARE CONDUCTED TO PRODUCE DETERGENTS.
- Sulphonation
- Neutralisation
EXPLAIN THE PREPARATION OF SODIUM ALKYLBENZENE SULPHONATE THROUGH SULPHONATION.
1) Alkylbenzene reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid, H2SO4
2) Alkylbenzene Sulphonic acid is formed
3) By product:H2O
EXPLAIN THE PREPARATION OF SODIUM ALKYLBENZENE SULPHONATE THROUGH NEUTRALISATION.
1) Alkylbenzene sulphonic acid will be neutralised by Sodium Hydroxide, NaOH
2) Alkylbenzene Sulphonate salt (Sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate) is produced which is detergent.
3) By product:H2O
EXPLAIN THE PREPARATION OF SODIUM ALKYL SULPHATE THROUGH SULPHONATION.
1) Long chain alcohol reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid,H2SO4
2) Alkyl sulphonic acid (detergents is formed) by product:H2O
EXPLAIN THE PREPARATION OF SODIUM ALKYL SULPHATE THROUGH NEUTRALISATION
1) Alkyl sulphonic acid will be neutralised by sodium hydroxide, NaOH
2) Sodium Alkyl Sulphate (detergent) is produced.
3) By product:H2O
