Cleaner Design And Technology Flashcards

1
Q

What 5 factors do designers have to consider when designing a product?

A
  • Easy to dismantle for repair or reuse
  • Easy to separate different materials for recycling
  • Easy to remove components
  • Use as few materials as possible
  • Avoid surface treatments to keep materials ‘clean’
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2
Q

According to Edwin Datschefski, what five factors make up product sustainability?

A
  1. Cyclic (Products are made from biodegradable organic materials)
  2. Solar (Products that in in manufacture consume only renewable energy)
  3. Safe (All releases to air, water, land or space are ‘food’ for other systems)
  4. Efficient (Products that in manufacture and use require 90% less energy, materials and water than equivalent products in 1990)
  5. Social (Products whose manufacture and use supports basic human rights)
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3
Q

What environmental considerations for cleaner design and technology can be made at the raw materials stage?

A
  • Use less material
  • Use materials with less environmental impact
  • Consider recyclable materials
  • Adhere to relevant legislation
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4
Q

What environmental considerations for cleaner design and technology can be made at the manufacture stage?

A
  • Reduce energy use
  • Simplify processes where appropriate
  • Reduce waste
  • Use natural resources efficiently
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5
Q

What environmental considerations for cleaner design and technology can be made at the distribution stage?

A
  • Reduce or lighten packaging

- Reduce mileage of transportation to customer

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6
Q

What environmental considerations for cleaner design and technology can be made at the use stage?

A
  • Increased durability
  • Use ‘green’ credentials as marketing strategy
  • Promote efficient use of product
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7
Q

What environmental considerations for cleaner design and technology can be made at the end of life stage?

A
  • Make reuse and recycling easier

- Reduce waste to landfill

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8
Q

What is the environmental impact of using trees in manufacturing processes?

A
  • Deforestation
  • Environmental depredation
  • Forest areas
  • Distribution
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9
Q

What is the environmental impact of using aluminium in manufacturing processes?

A
  • Environmental impact of mining activities (Energy use, open-cast mining and transportation)
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10
Q

What is the environmental impact of using crude oil in manufacturing processes?

A
  • Environmental impact of drilling activities (e.g. Energy use and destruction of habitat)
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11
Q

How can the design and manufacture of a product be modified to increase efficiency?

A
  • Simpler design with fewer components to reduce materials used
  • Different material to reduce weight
  • Materials that use less energy during manufacture
  • Simpler components that are easier to machine or mould
  • Simplified work flow with improved quality control
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12
Q

What was unique about the ‘202’ Coca-Cola can?

A

Reduced diameter, whilst maintaining the same body diameter to contain the same volume of liquid

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13
Q

What did the ‘202’ Coca-Cola can result in?

A
  • Costs saving over £1 per thousand cans and reduced metal use worldwide
  • Saving of £2.3 million a year for Coca-Cola
  • Use of lightweight cans enable more products to fit in a single lorry
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14
Q

Give 2 issues relating to distribution of goods around the U.K.

A
  • Extremely large energy use and resultant CO² emissions, contribute to global warming
  • Congestion on roads and motorways, road haulage contributing to this
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15
Q

Give 5 advantages of liquefied petroleum gas

A
  • Relatively good fuel availability
  • Good range of kits available
  • Reduced emissions
  • Low cost fuel
  • Reliable performance
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16
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of liquefied petroleum gas

A
  • Not available for diesel vehicles

- No factory-fit models available

17
Q

Give 4 advantages of bio ethanol

A
  • Reduced emissions
  • Increased power
  • Factory-fit models available
  • Renewable fuel
18
Q

Give 4 disadvantages of bio ethanol

A
  • Very poor availability of fuel
  • Limited availability of vehicles
  • Similar price to diesel
  • 30% lower economy than petrol
19
Q

Give 3 advantages of compressed natural gas

A
  • Kits fit to existing diesel vehicles
  • Similar economy to diesel
  • Reduces emissions
20
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of compressed natural gas

A
  • Very poor availability of fuel
  • Limited availability of kits and vehicles
  • Slow refuelling times
21
Q

Give 2 advantages of hydrogen

A
  • Zero emissions

- Renewable fuel

22
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of hydrogen

A
  • Very poor availability of fuel

- Limited availability of kits and vehicles

23
Q

Give an advantage of electricity

A
  • Zero emissions
24
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of electricity

A
  • Very Limited range

- Slow charging/refilling time

25
Q

Define ‘built-in obsolescence’

A

Product cannot be repaired and therefore has to be discarded

26
Q

How could a designer counter in-built obsolescence?

A

Making the parts that are most likely to become damaged can be ordered individually and are thus easily replaced