Clean Needle Flashcards
What are the natural barriers that protect against infection?
external –> skin mucus membranes of nose and throat
internal –> stomach acid, uncompromised respiratory mucosa
immune system–> humoral and cellular branches
What are 2 types of infection associated with acupuncture?
1) autogenous –> pathogens present on patients skin are transferred to another body area (low risk)
- reused needles
2) cross infection
pathogens from another person or the environment (higher risk and more likely in office settting)
What types of hepatitis do we worry about in acu?
B and C
how are A and E hepatitis spread?
fecal-oral
how are B, C , D hepatitis spread?
blood or sexual contact
what are 2 types of chronic carriers of hepatitis?
persistent and active
persistent –> asymptomatic but still infectious
active–> progressive disease process with liver damage
Who is most susceptible to getting hep A?
young kids and adults in autumn
poor sanitation and overcrowding
abrupt onset, symptoms last less than 2 months
can relapse 15% of time or last 6-9 months
immunity is life long
Where do you find hep E?
pregnant women have 20% mortality rate *
developing countries, contaminated water
which hepatitis is the greatest concern for acu?
B
lives outside the body for atleast 1 week at room temp.
kids in ASYMPTOMATIC and in 30% of adults ***
Can hep B cause lifelong infections, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure and death?
YES!
but not as chronic as hep C
hep C is chronic more often
Are there vaccines for hep B?
yes, check titer every 5 years, can last up to 20 years
vaccine good for 5 years
How is hep B transferred?
blood, semen, other bodily fluids
routes of transmission
percutaneous, parenteral, perinatal
can you transmit hep B through casual contact, eating utensils or contaminated water or food?
no!
if infected can you practice during acute infectious period?
NO!! can’t work for 160 days with hep B
treated with immune globulin if NON-vaccinated.
what is the most common blood borne viral infection in the US?
hep C
60% chronic liver disease much more common
75-85% are chorinically infection can cause cancer
what is treatment for hep C?
interferon (riaviran) for 24 weeks - 2 years … doesn’t cure but helps
What are the 2 types of HIV?
1 and 2
1 is more common and more virulent and 2 is slower and milder
What is the incubation period of HIV?
8-10 years long… develop aids
How do you treat HIV?
gamma globulin (initial) and cocktails
step 1 if you get stuck with a used needle?
call doctor get blood tested,
Hep B more likely to occur 30%
step 2 if you get stuck with a used needle?
report that you and your patient got infected.
What is MRSA?
methicillin-resistant staph aureus
gram + coag + aerobic coccus
wounds infections in the immunocompromised
red, swollen, painful area on the skin, possible drainage or pus or other fluids from the site fever, abscess, and warmth of infected area
HOW IS MRSA SPREAD?!
SKIN TO SKIN CONTACT
!!!!
mostly nosocomial –> hospital !
what kind of consent do you want from a patient?
WRITTEN not oral
what are some common adverse events?
needle stick to practitioner needle site pain stuck needle bruising bleeding faintness forgetting needles aggravation of symptoms
what are more rare and serious adverse events?
broken needle fainting/ needle sickness organ injury pneumothorax nerve damage injury to blood vessels infection spontaneous miscarriage
DONT EVER INSERT THE NEEDLE UP TO THE HANDLE
true! avoid it.
What areas of the body are more prone to bleeding?
auricle ear
scalp
patients on blood thinners
