CLD Flashcards
who created the nativist theory
noam Chomsky
what did Chomsky say we are born with
innate ability to learn language
what was the device we are born with - Noam Chomsky
LAD- language acquisition device
what do we have to do in order to develop our language - Noam Chomsky
learn vocabulary and apply structures to form sentences
why could children not learn language from imitation of adults - Noam Chomsky
adult language is highly irregular
does Noam Chomsky’s nativist theory apply to only English
no all languages
who created the behaviourist theory
B.F Skinner
what did B.F Skinner say about language
language can be observed and measured
what is language a response to - B.F Skinner
stimuli
what are children conditioned by - B.F Skinner
the environment
what do children receive when they develop language -B.F Skinner
positive reinforcements
what was Tomasello’s theory into
development in infants capacities
what do capacities lead to - Tomasello
children becoming full participants in the social use of language
is children language a physical adaptation - Tomasello’s
no
what is developed through interaction with speakers - Tomasello
cognitive skills
are we born with these cognitive abilities
yes
what do we have to help development
interpersonal abilities
who created the FIS phenomenon
berko and brown
when was berko and brown’s study
1960
what phoneme do berko and brown analyse
/sh/
who have the least phonetic rules - berko and brown
children
what did berko and brown say about phoneme’s
children can produce more phonemes than they can understand
when was Nelson’s study
1973
what were the most common word types in Nelson’s study
classes of objects
specific objects
actions
modifying things
social
what did the words most common in Nelson’s study do
describe something we can touch
when was Bruner’s study
1983
what is needed in Bruner’s study
interaction with caregivers
what is the abbreviation for caregivers supporting development in Bruner’s study
LASS - language acquisition support system
what was noted between adults and children in Bruner’s study
clear patterns of interaction
what did children asking questions do in Bruner’s study
they show evidence of successful linguistic support
who had a study with scaffolding
Vygotsky
what is a more knowledgeable other - Vygotsky
someone with more linguistic experience and ability
what can more knowledgable other’s do for children
help students learn content they wouldn’t be able to on their own
when was Jean Chall’s study
1983
what is stage 0 of Jean Chall’s model called
pre- reading / pseudo reading
what is found in Jean Chall’s psuedoreading stage (up to age 6)
pretending to read
repeat stories already read to them
can name letters and spell their name
what is stage 1 of Jean Chall’s model called
initial reading and decoding
what is found in Jean Chall’s initial reading stage stage (ages 6-7)
learn relationships between sounds
can read short texts
what is stage 2 of Jean Chall’s model called
confirmation and fluency
what is found in Jean Chall’s confirmation and fluency stage (ages 7-8)
increase reading and vocabulary
understand 9,000 spoken
understand 3,000 written
what is stage 3 of Jean Chall’s model called
reading for learning
what is found in Jean Chall’s reading for learning stage (ages 9-14)
read to gain knowledge
pursue interests
magazines, newspapers etc
what is stage 4 of jean chall’s model called
multiplicity and complexity
what is found in Jean Chall’s multiplicity and complexity stage (ages 14-17)
complex and varied material understood
what is stage 5 of Jean Chall’s model called
construction and reconstruction
what is found in Jean Chall’s construction and reconstruction stage (ages 18+)
confident readers
read a diverse range of materials
understand practical and recreational benefits of reading
what is stage 1 of Kroll’s model called
preparatory
what is found in Kroll’s preparatory stage
mastery of basic motor skills
learns basic principles of spelling system
what is stage 2 of Kroll’s model called
consolidation stage
what is found in Kroll’s consolidation stage (up to age 6)
write the same way as they speak
short declaratives
conjunctions
incomplete sentences
what is stage 3 of Kroll’s model called
differentiation
what is found in Kroll’s differentiation stage (up to age 9)
recognises different writing styles
lots of mistakes
writing guides
difference between speech and writing
what is stage 4 of Kroll’s model called
integration
what is found in Kroll’s integration stage (up to age 12+)
develop a personal style
comprehends that you can change style to suit differing audiences
what is stage 1 of Gentry’s model called
pre-communicative
what is found in Gentry’s pre-communicative stage
random letters and syllables appear with no letter to sound connection
what is stage 2 of Gentry’s model called
semi-phonetic
what is found in Gentry’s semi-phonetic stage
letters used to represent whole words
left to right
some letter to sound connection
what is stage 3 of Gentry’s model called
phonetic
what is found in Gentry’s phonetic stage
spelling based on sound like ‘preshus’
what is stage 4 of Gentry’s model called
transitional stage
what is found in Gentry’s transitional stage
combine phonetic approaches and visual approaches
silent letters begin to be acknowledged
what is stage 5 of Gentry’s model called
conventional stage
what is found in Gentry’s conventional stage
difficult spellings begin to be learned
homophones are known
name all 4 of Piaget’s stages
sensory motor stage
pre-operational stage
concrete operational stage
formal operational stage
what is found in the sensory motor stage of Piaget’s model (birth to 2 years)
develop object permanence
knowledge gained through sensory processes
what is found in the pre-operational stage of Piaget’s model (2-7 years)
emergence of language
become skilled at pretend play
remain ego-centric
struggle to consider other points of view
what is found in the concrete operational stage of Piaget’s model (ages 7-12)
loss of ego-centricism
logical thinking about concrete events
understand thoughts are unique to them
what is found in the formal operational stage of Piaget’s model (12+ years)
abstract thought emerges
ability to plan and reason about hypothetical situations are seen
name Hallidays 7 functions of language
instrumental
regulatory
interactional
personal
heuristic
imaginative
representational
when was Hallidays study
1975
give an example of instrumental language
toilet
give an example of regulatory language
nt your teddy
give an example of interactional language
nice mummy
give an example of personal language
bad kitty
give an example of heuristic language
what’s that
give an example of imaginative language
story telling
give an example of representational language
I’m free
what is over-extension
a child using a word in a more broad sense
what is under-extension
a child using a word more narrowly than an adult would
when is the holophrastic stage
ages 12 to 18 months
what is the holophrastic stage
producing single word utterances
intonation is key
when is the two word stage
ages 18-24 months
what is the two word stage
using two words to form a sentence
‘baby chair’
when is the telegraphic stage
ages 2-3
what is the telegraphic stage
start to use multiple word utterances
likely to retain content words
overgeneralisation
what is the pre-verbal stage
can’t speak but are making noises
what is the lexical and grammatical stage
being able to use the noises to convey meaning
what is the onset of a word
the initial syllable
what is the rime of a word
what follows the onset
what are the 3 teaching methods for reading
analytical phonics
synthetic phonics
look and say approach
