CLCV 115 Exam 1 Flashcards
Time of Upper Paleolithic
40,000-12,500 BC
Time of Mesolithic
12,500-8,500 BC
Time of Neolithic
8,500-3,000 BC
Time of Bronze Age
3,000-1,200 BC
Time of Early Bronze Age
3,000-2,000 BC
Time of Middle Bronze Age
2,000-1,600 BC
Time of Late Bronze Age
1,600-1,200 BC
Time of Iron Age/Dark Age/Proto-Geometric
1,200-900 BC
Time of Geometric Period
900-700 BC
Time of Domestication of goats
8,500 BC
Time of walls of Jericho
7,800 BC
Time of invention of ceramic pottery
6,500 BC
Time of invention of the wheel
4,500 BC
Time of invention of writing
3,000 BC
Time of house of tiles destroyed
2,250 BC
Time of battle of Qadesh
1,285 BC
Time of Trojan War
1,265 BC
Time of collapse of Bronze Age
1,200 BC
Time of alphabet appearing in Greece
735 BC
Time of Hesiod’s Theogony
700 BC
What chronological period were Sumerians?
Early Bronze
What chronological period were Egyptians?
Early Bronze
What chronological period were Cycladic Islanders?
Early Bronze
What chronological period were Early Helladic Greeks?
Early Bronze
What chronological period were Babylonians?
Middle Bronze
What chronological period were Minoans?
Middle Bronze
What chronological period were Indo-Europeans (Hittites, Mycenaeans)
Late Bronze
What chronological period were Semites?
Late Bronze
What chronological period were Hesiod and Homer?
Geometric
What cultures were Semitic?
Babylonians, Phonecians, Ugaritians, Hebrews, Assyrians
What cultures were Indo-European?
Greeks, Romans, Hittites, Teutonic
What cultures are miscellaneous?
Jericho, Catalhoyuk, Sumerians, Egyptians, Minoans, Sea peoples
Paleolithic
Old Stone age, humans were hunter-gatherers, worshiped quadrupeds/Great Goddess as appreciation for killing things with a soul for food
Animism
Worship of anything that has a spirit
Great Goddess
Paleolithic deity, symbol of fertility embodied by Venus figurines
Venus figurines
Paleolithic carvings emphasizing female aspects of fertility
Anthropomoprhic
Shaped like a human
Gynomorphic
Having the shape of a woman or womb
Theriomorphic
God in the form of animals
Bucrania
Cow skills, Catalhoyuk shrines formed out of cow skulls
Etiological Myth
Myths explaining the cause of various aspects of life
Aspect
Roles held by divinities
Polytheism
The worship of more than one god
Monotheism
Worship of a single god
Parthenogenic
Birth with no male partner, virgin birth
Variant
Alternate versions of myths
Syncretism
A blending of aspects from different religions into one faith
Personification
Attribution of human characteristics or nature to a nonhuman thing
Millennium
One thousand years
Eponym
A person whose name is the source of the name of something
Teshub
Storm god of the Hittites
Patronymic
Name derived from a paternal ancestor (-id, -ides, -ids)
Cuneiform
System of writing using wedge-shaped symbols
Creators and place of Cuneiform
Sumerians in Mesopotamia
Linear A
Undeciphered Minoan writing system in Crete
Linear B
Syllabic symbols, derived from the writing system of Minoan Crete, used in the Mycenaean palaces of the Late Bronze Age to write an early form of Greek
Achaeans
Greeks, specifically northeastern Greece
mythopoeic
Relating to the making of myths
Theogony
Mythological description of the creation and origin of the gods
Muses
9 daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, sing to Hesiod and inspire Theogony
Graces
3 daughters of Zeus and Euronyme, represent the favor of the gods and beauty
Chaos
Nothingness, first creation of universe
Gaia
Earth, goddess of Earth, personification of Earth
Tartarus
Dark pit underneath the Underworld
Eros
Love, holds the universe together
Cupid
God of love, Eros, represents mirth and joy
Aether
Brightness, born of Night
Ouranos
Sky, father of Kronos, is castrated and genitals form Aphrodite
Oceanus
Titan, mythical fast-flowing river encircling the earth so swiftly that it carried the sun back to rise in the west
Tethys
Titan, produced 3,000 rivers and 3,000 oceanids, one of which is the Styx
Mnemosyne
Titan, Memory
Kronos
Titan, father of Zeus, overthrows Ouranos
Rhea
Wife of Kronos, mother of Zeus
Themis
Titan of justice
Cyclopes
Birthed by Gaia, produce thunderbolts for Zeus
Hundred-Handeds
Birthed by Gaia,
Aphrodite
Goddess of love, forms out of sea foam from Ouranos’ genitals
Erinyes
Furies, goddesses of vengeance, formed by Ouranos’ blood hitting the Earth
Pontus
Sea god
Moirai
Three fates
Clotho
Fate spinning the thread of life
Lachesis
Fate that measures out the thread, determining the length of life
Atropos
Fate who cuts the thread of life, destiny
Hesperides
Daughters of night, guard sacred tree in the garden of Hesperides, the tree of life
Location of the Garden of Hesperides
Northwestern Africa, the “ends of the earth” for the Greeks
Ate
blindness, the folly that happens between the time you do something wrong and the time you get caught
Nemesis
Goddess of revenge
Nereids
Daughters of sea god Neris
Oceanids
Nymphs of rivers and streams of the Earth
Ceto
Sea monster, also name for scientific class for whales
Iris
Messenger of Olympian gods during Titanochamy
Helios
God of the sun
Selene
Goddess of the moon
Eos
Goddess of the dawn
Boreas
North wind
Zephyr
West wind
Notos
South wind
Zeus
Son of Kronos, raised in a cave on Crete
Styx
Mythical river in the Underworld
Power, force
Abstract concept created by Hesiod, aid Zeus in his fight against Kronos
Nike
Victory goddess, often shown winged and flying
Mt. Ditke
Zeus’ hiding place
Titanomachy
Battle of Titans and Kronos against Zeus and his allies
Omphalos
Stone Kronos swallowed in place of Zeus, later placed by Zeus in the center of the Earth at Delphi
Parnassus
Mountain sacred to arts and literature
Castalian Spring
Spring at Delphi
Ishtar
Sumerian goddess of love, fertility, war, multiple aspects
Shamash
Sumerian sun god
Ba’al
Major divinity of Ugarit and Phonecian people, “Lord”
Tiamat
Defeated by Marduk in Enuma Elish
Anu
Sky god for Sumerians, babylonians, and hittites,
Marduk
Babylonian hero of Enuma Elish, head of Babylonian pantheon
Enuma Elish
Babylonian creation myth
Genesis
Catholic creation story
Kumarbi Myth
Hittite Creation myth
Marija Gimbutas
Contributed to Kurgan Hypothesis, studied Neolithic cultures
Kurgan Hypothesis
Helped discover the origins of Indo-European language
George Smith
Translator of cuneiform tablets
James G. Frazer
Social anthropologist influential in early studies of ancient mythology, discovery of myths in lesser known cultures
Iapetos
Titan, god of mortality
Prometheus
Punished by Zeus for giving fire to humanity, crafted humanity out of clay
Epimetheus
Foolish brother of Prometheus
Atlas
Holds up the sky for challenging Zeus
Pandora
Burdensome first woman, opened box full of the struggles of mankind
Deucalion
Son of Prometheus, survived a flood sent by Zeus to punish human wickedness; they were then instructed to throw stones over their shoulders and these turned into humans to repopulate the world.
Pyrrha
wife of Deucalion, a survivor of the flood
Mt. Parnassus
Location of Delphi, where Deucalion and Pyrrha landed after the flood
Hellen
First man made after Deucalion threw stones, named for Helladic greeks
Ion
Second man made after throwing of stones, named for Ionian greeks
Shem
Hebrew for “name”, Noah’s firstborn son
Ham
Noah’s rebellious son
Mesolithic
Middle Stone Age; humans acquired the skills to fish, lived in huts rather than caves, no agriculture
Neolithic
New stone age, farmers, humans can have bigger cities because of agriculture
What period were grains harvested?
Neolithic
Stone tower developed to protect and store grains
Tower of Jericho
Sumerian temple made out of mud bricks
Ziggurat
River Egyptian spirits crossed to get to the land of the dead
Nile
Type of Greeks that live on the mainland
Helladic
Type of Greeks living on Cycladic islands
Cycladic
House where sauceboats were displayed, which later go out of style and we see Greek ceramics
House of Tiles
Worshiped some form of the Great Goddess, language is untranslated, grew grapes and olives, worshipped in caves
Minoans of Crete
Ugarit temple of Ba’al, invented the alphabet,
Phonecians
Lion gate, great city of Mycenae, drew inspiration from Egyptain pyramids
Mycaneans
Battle of Qadesh and trojan war caused collapse of Bronze Age and:
Migration of many peoples and Iron Age