CLCV 1002 midterm Flashcards
1
Q
Paleolithic Period
A
- Tools: Primarily crafted from stone.
- Transition: From the use of precious metals to stone, copper, bronze, and iron.
- Migration: Led to the branching of the Proto Indo-European language.
2
Q
Neolithic Period
A
- Farming: Advent of farming practices among Greeks.
- Ownership: Individuals became possessive of crops and livestock.
- Figurines: Steatopygous figurines possibly used for various purposes were carved.
3
Q
Bronze Age
A
Classification: Greeks of the Bronze Age are classified into Helladic (Mainland), Cycladic (Cycladic islands), and Minoan (Crete).
4
Q
Mycenaean Society
A
- Unification: Achieved under Alexander the Great’s conquest.
- Language: Society was united by shared language and beliefs.
- Outsiders: Non-Greek speakers were often labeled as barbarians.
5
Q
Minoan Art
A
- Characteristics: Vibrant wall paintings, with Knossos being a notable site for well-preserved examples.
- Stone Relief Carvings: Absent in Minoan art.
6
Q
Mycenaean Art
A
- Motifs: Common artistic motifs include rosettes and half rosettes.
- Shields: Crafted in a figure 8 shape using cowhide.
- Women: Often depicted in passive or supporting roles.
- Figurines: Small figurines of women were commonly offered as votive offerings.
7
Q
Mycenaean Warfare
A
- Armor: Linen, Dendra, Boar tusk helmets.
- Shields: Figure 8, Tower shields.
- Weapons: Rapier, Daggers.
- Tactics: Battle started on chariots, spears thrown initially, then dismounted for close combat with swords.
- Evidence: Arrowheads and sling rocks found.
8
Q
Schliemann’s Discovery of Troy
A
- Excavation: Conducted in Turkey, Schliemann possibly misattributed the discovery to himself.
- Older Layers of Troy: Disregarded, potentially destroying valuable evidence.
- Artifacts: Found artifacts like Priam’s treasure, but dating to a different era.
- Troy 6: Destroyed by an earthquake.
- Troy 7: Showed evidence of Mycenaean attack.
9
Q
Evidence of Trojan War
A
Indicators: Arrowheads and sling rocks, treaty between Hatti and Wilusa, alliance between Millawanda and Arzawa, mention of King Alaksandus.
10
Q
The End of the Bronze Age
A
- Art: Simmer style of art across the Mediterranean.
- Pottery: Mycenaean pottery found in various regions.
- Brotherhood of Kings: Addressing as brothers rather than father and son.
- Collapse: Attributed to earthquakes, disease, warfare, drought, and mass migration.
- Linear B Script: Forgotten without palaces.
11
Q
The Sea Peoples
A
- End of Bronze Age: Possibly catalysts for the end of the Bronze Age.
- Egypt: Sea Peoples joined with Libyans to attack Egypt.
- Mycenaean Mercenaries: Might have been included in the Sea Peoples.
- Pottery: Similar to Mycenaean, made from materials from different areas.
12
Q
The Dark Age
A
- Population: Decreased significantly, up to 70%.
- Migration: To Asia Minor and Cyprus.
- Decline: In monumental buildings and common culture.
- Loss: Absence of luxury imports in graves and disappearance of writing.
- Religious Beliefs: Diversified, with differing mythologies about Greek gods.
- Trade: Inter-village trade prevailed.
- Tools: Introduction of iron tools.
- Pottery: Improvement in production, with faster wheels.
13
Q
The Geometric Period
A
- Ash: Men have handles at the neck, while women have handles on the body.
- Burial: Men buried with broken weapons.
- Granaries: Development of granaries.
- Horses: Only owned by the wealthy.
- Art: Emergence of pictorial narratives in art.
- Pottery: Depicting narrative scenes with burial rites.
14
Q
Return to the Mediterranean World
A
- Trade: Foreign trade resumed, with luxurious goods like Murex dye becoming prominent.
- Colonies: Phoenician trade colonies established.
- Alphabet: Adoption of the Phoenician alphabet by Greeks.
15
Q
Panhellenic Sanctuaries
A
- Games: Establishment of panhellenic games every four years.
- Unification: Unification of Greek city-states during events like the Olympics.
- Oracle of Delphi: Gained prominence.
- Truces: Observed during Olympic games.
16
Q
Colonization
A
- Expansion: Greek expansion, with sons inheriting land and daughters receiving dowries.
- Territorial Expansion: Sparta and Athens involved.
17
Q
Dawn of the Age of Tyranny
A
- Tyrants: Rise of tyrants who often claimed mythical ancestry.
- Transition: From chieftainship to oligarchy and eventually to tyranny.
- Populist Measures: Tyrants maintained support through populist measures.
- Construction: Of the trackway across the Isthmus of Corinth.
18
Q
The Orientalizing Period
A
- Pottery: From Corinth featured bands of animals.
- Griffins: Depicted in art.
- Cauldrons: Adorned with Sirens and Griffins.
- Hoplites: Introduction of depictions of Hoplites.
- Athenian Pottery: Depicted in narrative form, often with scenes from mythology.
- Cyprus: Influence shown in burial urns.
19
Q
Black Figure Pottery
A
- Collaboration: Between painters and potters.
- Figures: Labeled and overlapping.
- Techniques: New pottery techniques introduced by artists like Exekias.
- Pottery: Often conveyed complex narratives.
20
Q
Red Figure Technique
A
- Shading: Achieved through dilution of the slip.
- Figures: Depicted in twisting poses, resembling statues.
21
Q
Archaic Period
A
- Statues: Introduction of Kouroi (male) and Korai (female) statues.
- Sculptural Influence: From Egypt.
- 4D Prism: Development of the 4D prism.
- Destruction: Of many sculptures during the Persian War in 480 BCE.
22
Q
Formation of the Polis
A
- Polis: Defined as a self-governing territory with an urban center, often featuring an acropolis.
- Agora: Important as a market or political center.
- Synoecism: Leading to a sense of Athenian identity among those living around Athens (Attica).
- Political Participation: Extended to all Athenians.
- Aristocracy: Dominated by wealthy families (basileis).
- Rural Areas: United by language and religion, with hereditary power structures.
23
Q
Archaic Athenian Government
A
- Assembly: Men older than 20 or 30 participate, voting on bills.
- Archons: Nine archons from top families serve as judges, leaders, and lawmakers.
- Areopagus: Works with archons but makes its own rules.
- Roles: Various roles within the archon system, including the polemarchos and the archon basileus.
- Meeting Place: Assembly meetings held in the Pnyx.
24
Q
First Attempt at Tyranny in Athens
A
- Kylon’s Attempt: Failed attempt at seizing power.
- Acropolis
