CLCV 1002 midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Paleolithic Period

A
  • Tools: Primarily crafted from stone.
  • Transition: From the use of precious metals to stone, copper, bronze, and iron.
  • Migration: Led to the branching of the Proto Indo-European language.
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2
Q

Neolithic Period

A
  • Farming: Advent of farming practices among Greeks.
  • Ownership: Individuals became possessive of crops and livestock.
  • Figurines: Steatopygous figurines possibly used for various purposes were carved.
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3
Q

Bronze Age

A

Classification: Greeks of the Bronze Age are classified into Helladic (Mainland), Cycladic (Cycladic islands), and Minoan (Crete).

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4
Q

Mycenaean Society

A
  • Unification: Achieved under Alexander the Great’s conquest.
  • Language: Society was united by shared language and beliefs.
  • Outsiders: Non-Greek speakers were often labeled as barbarians.
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5
Q

Minoan Art

A
  • Characteristics: Vibrant wall paintings, with Knossos being a notable site for well-preserved examples.
  • Stone Relief Carvings: Absent in Minoan art.
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6
Q

Mycenaean Art

A
  • Motifs: Common artistic motifs include rosettes and half rosettes.
  • Shields: Crafted in a figure 8 shape using cowhide.
  • Women: Often depicted in passive or supporting roles.
  • Figurines: Small figurines of women were commonly offered as votive offerings.
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7
Q

Mycenaean Warfare

A
  • Armor: Linen, Dendra, Boar tusk helmets.
  • Shields: Figure 8, Tower shields.
  • Weapons: Rapier, Daggers.
  • Tactics: Battle started on chariots, spears thrown initially, then dismounted for close combat with swords.
  • Evidence: Arrowheads and sling rocks found.
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8
Q

Schliemann’s Discovery of Troy

A
  • Excavation: Conducted in Turkey, Schliemann possibly misattributed the discovery to himself.
  • Older Layers of Troy: Disregarded, potentially destroying valuable evidence.
  • Artifacts: Found artifacts like Priam’s treasure, but dating to a different era.
  • Troy 6: Destroyed by an earthquake.
  • Troy 7: Showed evidence of Mycenaean attack.
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9
Q

Evidence of Trojan War

A

Indicators: Arrowheads and sling rocks, treaty between Hatti and Wilusa, alliance between Millawanda and Arzawa, mention of King Alaksandus.

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10
Q

The End of the Bronze Age

A
  • Art: Simmer style of art across the Mediterranean.
  • Pottery: Mycenaean pottery found in various regions.
  • Brotherhood of Kings: Addressing as brothers rather than father and son.
  • Collapse: Attributed to earthquakes, disease, warfare, drought, and mass migration.
  • Linear B Script: Forgotten without palaces.
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11
Q

The Sea Peoples

A
  • End of Bronze Age: Possibly catalysts for the end of the Bronze Age.
  • Egypt: Sea Peoples joined with Libyans to attack Egypt.
  • Mycenaean Mercenaries: Might have been included in the Sea Peoples.
  • Pottery: Similar to Mycenaean, made from materials from different areas.
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12
Q

The Dark Age

A
  • Population: Decreased significantly, up to 70%.
  • Migration: To Asia Minor and Cyprus.
  • Decline: In monumental buildings and common culture.
  • Loss: Absence of luxury imports in graves and disappearance of writing.
  • Religious Beliefs: Diversified, with differing mythologies about Greek gods.
  • Trade: Inter-village trade prevailed.
  • Tools: Introduction of iron tools.
  • Pottery: Improvement in production, with faster wheels.
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13
Q

The Geometric Period

A
  • Ash: Men have handles at the neck, while women have handles on the body.
  • Burial: Men buried with broken weapons.
  • Granaries: Development of granaries.
  • Horses: Only owned by the wealthy.
  • Art: Emergence of pictorial narratives in art.
  • Pottery: Depicting narrative scenes with burial rites.
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14
Q

Return to the Mediterranean World

A
  • Trade: Foreign trade resumed, with luxurious goods like Murex dye becoming prominent.
  • Colonies: Phoenician trade colonies established.
  • Alphabet: Adoption of the Phoenician alphabet by Greeks.
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15
Q

Panhellenic Sanctuaries

A
  • Games: Establishment of panhellenic games every four years.
  • Unification: Unification of Greek city-states during events like the Olympics.
  • Oracle of Delphi: Gained prominence.
  • Truces: Observed during Olympic games.
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16
Q

Colonization

A
  • Expansion: Greek expansion, with sons inheriting land and daughters receiving dowries.
  • Territorial Expansion: Sparta and Athens involved.
17
Q

Dawn of the Age of Tyranny

A
  • Tyrants: Rise of tyrants who often claimed mythical ancestry.
  • Transition: From chieftainship to oligarchy and eventually to tyranny.
  • Populist Measures: Tyrants maintained support through populist measures.
  • Construction: Of the trackway across the Isthmus of Corinth.
18
Q

The Orientalizing Period

A
  • Pottery: From Corinth featured bands of animals.
  • Griffins: Depicted in art.
  • Cauldrons: Adorned with Sirens and Griffins.
  • Hoplites: Introduction of depictions of Hoplites.
  • Athenian Pottery: Depicted in narrative form, often with scenes from mythology.
  • Cyprus: Influence shown in burial urns.
19
Q

Black Figure Pottery

A
  • Collaboration: Between painters and potters.
  • Figures: Labeled and overlapping.
  • Techniques: New pottery techniques introduced by artists like Exekias.
  • Pottery: Often conveyed complex narratives.
20
Q

Red Figure Technique

A
  • Shading: Achieved through dilution of the slip.
  • Figures: Depicted in twisting poses, resembling statues.
21
Q

Archaic Period

A
  • Statues: Introduction of Kouroi (male) and Korai (female) statues.
  • Sculptural Influence: From Egypt.
  • 4D Prism: Development of the 4D prism.
  • Destruction: Of many sculptures during the Persian War in 480 BCE.
22
Q

Formation of the Polis

A
  • Polis: Defined as a self-governing territory with an urban center, often featuring an acropolis.
  • Agora: Important as a market or political center.
  • Synoecism: Leading to a sense of Athenian identity among those living around Athens (Attica).
  • Political Participation: Extended to all Athenians.
  • Aristocracy: Dominated by wealthy families (basileis).
  • Rural Areas: United by language and religion, with hereditary power structures.
23
Q

Archaic Athenian Government

A
  • Assembly: Men older than 20 or 30 participate, voting on bills.
  • Archons: Nine archons from top families serve as judges, leaders, and lawmakers.
  • Areopagus: Works with archons but makes its own rules.
  • Roles: Various roles within the archon system, including the polemarchos and the archon basileus.
  • Meeting Place: Assembly meetings held in the Pnyx.
24
Q

First Attempt at Tyranny in Athens

A
  • Kylon’s Attempt: Failed attempt at seizing power.
  • Acropolis