Clauses, Phrases and Sentences

Question 1

independent / main clauses

Answer 1

can stand alone as a simple sentence or be part of a multiclause sentence
^^^^ use coordinating conjunctions (and, but, for, so, yet) to make it multiclause and join 2 independents

Question 2

adverb clause / adverbial clause

Answer 2

(also called a subordinate clause)

starts with a subordinate clause
because, although, when, if , until, as, if

Question 3

subordinating clause - dependent clause

Answer 3

cant stand alone as a full sentence - must always be part of a sentence

Question 4

adjective / relative clause

Answer 4

like an adjective
modifies the noun or pronoun before it (the antecedent)

starts with a relative pronoun

• who
• which
• what
• when
• whoever
• that
• where

= the clause subject
‘that we saw at the LOUVRE’ refers to the ‘exhibition’

Question 5

noun clause

Answer 5

functions as a noun
can be a subject, object or complement in a sentence

‘that we saw at the new exhibition at the Louvre’ object of the verb ‘ our friends KNOW’

Question 6

declarative sentence

Answer 6

convey information or make statements

‘My cat chases rabbits’

Question 7

interrogative sentence

Answer 7

ask questions or request information

‘Has the train already left?’

tag questions too - declarative and imperative combination into a question/interrogative

‘I am going with you, aren’t i?’

Question 8

imperative sentence

Answer 8

they make commands or requests

‘shut the door please’
‘pass me the sugar’

Question 9

exclamative sentence

Answer 9

show emphasis
use the other 3 to create emphasis
! sometimes used

stop chewing with your mouth open!’
‘what the hell was that?’

Question 10

compound sentence

Answer 10

sentence containing 2 or more independent clauses

joined by a coordinating conjunction

‘she swims and she plays tennis’

Question 11

complex sentence

Answer 11

sentence containing AT LEAST 1 subordinate clause and AT LEAST 1 main clause

‘she bought me Malteaster chocolate, which i love’

Question 12

noun phrase

Answer 12

2 or more words that function as a noun

‘big fat cat’

Question 13

verb phrase

Answer 13

2 or more words that function as a verb
made up of the auxiliary verb and the main verb

‘walk away alowly’

Question 14

adverbial phrase

Answer 14

2 or more words that function as an adverb

‘quite quickly’

Question 15

adjectival phrase

Answer 15

2 or more words that function as an adjective

‘not so big’

Question 16

simple sentence

Answer 16

sentence consisting of just 1 main clause

‘Bill likes white bread’

Question 17

prepositional phrase

Answer 17

preposition and object of preposition (noun or pronoun)

near a wall
on the table
at the door
in a loud voice
at the magician

Question 18

infinitive phrase

Answer 18

includes ‘to’ and the regular form of a verb
will always act as a noun, an adjective or an adverb in a sentence

she sang a song TO PLEASE the audience
funding was given TO HELP the survivors