Clauses of contrast

Question 1

although, even though

Answer 1

We can use although/even though at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence followed by a clause (subject + verb). We NEVER use a comma after although or event though.
ANCHE SE, SEBBENE

Question 2

however

Answer 2

to connect two different sentences. We normally use however at the beginning of the second sentence after a full stop (.) However is ALWAYS followed by a comma.
TUTTAVIA

Question 3

despite/in spite of

Answer 3

are normally followed by a noun or a –ing verb. They can go at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
MALGRADO

Question 4

in order to/so as to

Answer 4

AL FINE DI, IN MODO DA

Question 5

so that

Answer 5

so that + subject + verb to express purpose. We normally use a modal verb with this connector, e.g. could, can, would
AFFINCHE’

Question 6

as/since

Answer 6

DATO CHE

Question 7

because of

Answer 7

We use because of before a noun.

A CAUSA DEL/DELLA

Question 8

due to/owing to

Answer 8

We can also use due to/owing to/on account of before a noun. They mean ‘because of’ but are more formal
A CAUSA DI

Question 9

for this reason

Answer 9

We normally use for this reason at the beginning of a sentence
PER QUESTA RAGIONE

Question 10

as a result/consequently/therefore

Answer 10

They are normally used at the beginning of a sentence, followed by a comma
PERTANTO