Clause Types Flashcards
Levels of analysis
Sentences contain clauses and clauses contain phrases. Phrases contain one or more words and a word consist of one or more morphemes.
Phrases are units of meaning that perform certain functions and convey junks of information.
Word classes
- Open class
- nouns
- ajectives
- adverbs
- full / lexical verbs
- Closed class
- primary verbs (verbs that can be full and auxilliary verbs)
- modal verbs (verbs that can only be auxilliary verbs)
- determiners
- pronouns
- prepositions
- conjunctions
- numerals…
Apposition
Two phrases that relate to one and the same thing
Phrase types
- Adverb phrase
- Noun phrase
- Verb phrase
- Adjective phrase
- Prepositional phrase
Structure of noun phrases
head - pre head - modifiers
Structure of verb phrases
auxiliary verbs
main verbs
Structure of adjective
premodifiers
head
7 clause types
- SV - The Sun is shining. (intransitive Verbs = doesnt need an object)
- SVO - The lecture bored me
- SVC - The Dinner seems ready
- SVA - My office is in the next the building
- SVOO - I must send my parents a post card
- SVOC - Most students have found her reasonably helpful
- SVOA - You can put the dish on the table
intransitive Verbs
Verb that does not need an direct object
monotransitive Verbs
Simple sentences with just one verb and one direct object
copular
used to express a relationship between the subject of the clause and an attribute
f.e. to be
ditransitive verbs
a verb that takes two objects
complex transitive verbs
a verb that needs both a direct object and an object complement
Simple Sentence / Complex Sentence
- Simple Sentences consist of one clause
- Complex Sentences consist of more than one clause
Types of simple sentences
- Declarative She works in finance.
- Interrogative Do you like me?
- Imperative Sign here, please!
- Exclamative How beautiful it is!
Types of tags
- question tag You like mushrooms, dont you?
- statement tag I am hungry, I am.
- directive tag Pass me the pen, will you?
- exclamation tag What a pretty girl, isnt she!
Combining clauses
- Coordination: Two stand alone clauses with a coordinator (and, or, but) or correlative
- Subordination: Main Clause + subordinate clause
embedded clause
a type of subordinate clause which is used to add more information to a sentence
