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chemistry 11 > classifying matter > Flashcards

classifying matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the difference between accurate and precise?

A
  • accuracy is the closeness to the accepted value

- precision is how many significant digits it possesses

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2
Q

How is uncertainty measured

A

To the smallest decimal place that the number has

- Ex. 16.998 +or- 0.002

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3
Q

What is the difference between a hypothesis, a theory, and a law?

A
  • A hypothesis is a SINGLE UNPROVEN idea to explain things. It is only
  • A theory is a TESTED, REFINED AND EXPANDED set of hypothesis’ that explains why nature behaves in a certain way
  • A law is a broad generalized statement that has lots of experimental evidence
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4
Q

Whats the difference between qualitative and quantitative?

A

Qualitative is non-numerical evidence quantitative is numerical evidence.
ex. colour vs numbers

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5
Q

What is an observation?

A

qualitative info collected through the direct use of our senses

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6
Q

What is an interpretation?

A

an attempt to put meaning into an observation

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7
Q

What is a description?

A

a list of the properties something has

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8
Q

What is data?

A

quantitative info that is determined from references

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9
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A
  • if temperatures are unchanged, the greater the pressure applied to a gas, the smaller its volume
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10
Q

What is Charles’s law?

A

-if the applied pressure is unchanged, the the greater the temperature of a gas, the greater its volume

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11
Q

What is a substance?

A

something with a unique and unidentifiable set of properties

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12
Q

What is a physical property?

A

A property that can be found without creating a new substance

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13
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

A property that can be identified by undergoing chemical reactions and change into new substances

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14
Q

What is an extensive/intensive property?

A

extensive: physical property which depends on the amount of the substance present
intensive: physical property which depends solely on the nature of the substance , and NOT how much is present

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15
Q

What is plasma?

A

gas made of charged particles such as electron sand naked atomic nuclei at high temperatures (ex lightning, neon lights)

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16
Q

What is superconductive state?

A

allows energy to flow without ANY resistance

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17
Q

What is superfluid state?

A

No frictional forces (A special type of helium)

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18
Q

What is supercondensed state?

A

Extremely high density found in collapsed stars

19
Q

Define Hardness, ductility, malleability, lustre, viscosity, diffusion

A

Hardness: the ability to resist scratching
Malleability: the ability to be hammered into sheets
Ductility: the ability to be stretched into wires
Lustre: how it can reflect light
Viscosity: the resistance of a fluid to flow
Diffusion: The intermingling of fluids as a result of motion

20
Q

What is a system?

A

the part of the universe being studied in a given situation

21
Q

What is a phase?

A

The part of a system which is uniform in composition and properties

22
Q

What are elements and atoms?

A
  • An element is a substance which cannot be separated into simpler substances as a result of a chemical process
  • An atom is the smallest possible unit of an element which retains the properties
23
Q

What are molecules, ions and particles?

A
  • A molecule is a cluster of two or more atoms held together strongly by electrical forces
  • An ion is an atom or molecule that has an electric charge
  • A particle is a general term used to describe an atom, molecule or ion
24
Q

what is heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures?

A

A heterogeneous mixture is a substance consisting of more than one phase
A homogeneous mixture is a substance consisting of only one phase

25
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

homogeneous and unchangeable composition

26
Q

What is a mixture?

A

a system made up of 2+ substances

27
Q

What is a mechanical mixture?

A

a heterogeneous mixture of 2+ substances

28
Q

What is a solution?

A

A homogenous mixture of 2+ substances

29
Q

What is solvent/solute?

A

A solvent is the larger component, solute is the smaller quantity

30
Q

Name the eight methods of separation

A
  1. Hand separation
  2. filtration
  3. evaporation
  4. distillation
  5. extraction
  6. recrystalization
  7. gravity separation
  8. chromatography
31
Q

what materials can you use for hand separation?

A

by hand, a sieve or a magnet

32
Q

what materials can you use for filtration? what are the names for the two separated substances?

A

filter paper, left in the filter paper is the residue and what falls through is the filtrate

33
Q

What kind of substances can be used for evaporation?

A

Solid-in-liquid to isolate the solid

34
Q

What can be used for distillation?

A

A distillation setup

35
Q

How can you extract a solvent?

A

Using a separatory funnel

36
Q

What is miscible/immiscible?

A

soluble/insoluble

37
Q

How does recrystallization work?

A

evaporation a solid-in-liquid mixture where the solution is separated in a pure crystalline state

38
Q

How does gravity separation work?

A

A centrifuge is used to separate solids from a mechanical mixture based on density

39
Q

What are the methods for solid in solid mechanical mixtures?

A

hand, gravity, solvent, chromatography

40
Q

What are the methods for solid in liquid mechanical mixtures?

A

Hand, gravity, filtration

41
Q

What are the methods for solid in liquid solutions?

A

evaporation, extraction, recrystallization, chromatography

42
Q

What are the methods for liquid in liquid solutions?

A

distillation, extraction

43
Q

What are the three types of molecular kinetic energy?

A

rotational, vibrational, translational

chemistry 11 (1 decks)

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