Classifying materials Flashcards
(30 cards)
3 states of matter
Solids
Liquids
Gases
How are solids particles arranged?
Particles held in fixed position
Keep definite shape
Particles only vibrate
Dense
Not easily compressed
How are liquid particles arranged?
Particles move past each other
Don’t keep definite shape
Quite dense
Not easily compressed
How are gas particles arranged?
Particles have the most energy
Don’t keep a definite shape
Expand to fill volume of a container
Easily compressed
Low density
Definition of diffusion
GAS Particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Down the concentration gradient
Definition of atom
Simplest substance
Cannot be broken down any further
Definition of element
Substance contains only one type of atom
Definition of a molecule
Atoms of the same element joined together e.g. O2
Definition of a compound
Two different elements chemically bonded together
Definition of a mixture
Two or more elements not chemically bonded together
What happens when reduce volume of container gas is in ?
You increase pressure
As more gas particles in a smaller volume
What happens when you heat gas particles in a container?
You increase the pressure
As gas particles gain more kinetic energy so hit walls of container harder and more often
What is subliming
Changing solid to gas
Draw melting and cooling curve of water
Periodic table
1) who invented it
2) how did they arrange elements in the periodic table
3) how is the periodic table split
1) Mendeleev
2) vertical columns are called GROUPS and they have similar properties and react similarly
Groups 0-7
Horizontal rows are called periods
3) metals (left) non metals (right)
Properties of group 0
What is group 0 called
Group 0 = noble gases
They are UNREACTIVE
Because they have a full outer shell of electrons
Group 1
2 examples of elements in group 1
What happens to reactivity as you go down the group
Na and Ca
Reactivity increases as you go down the group
Group 7
2 examples
What happens to reactivity as you go down the group
Fluorine an bromine
They are less reactive as you go down the group
What substance is formed when Cu is heated with oxygen and carbon
Copper carbonate
What happens when you keep adding salt to water?
Salt (SOLUTE) is added to the water (SOLVENT)
Particles mix together, the salt dissolves and form a SOLUTION
When you keep adding salt the solution becomes saturated and no more salt can dissolve (so you see solid salt in the water
Explain the process of dissolving
A solid (SOLUTE) is added to a liquid (SOLVENT)
The particles mix to form a solution
Separating mixtures:
Explain process of FILTRATION
Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid
Using filter paper
Separating mixtures
Process of EVAPORATION
Used to separate soluble solids from liquids
E.g. salt and water
Put mixture/ solution into beaker and heat it
The water (solvent) will evaporate
Salt (solute) solid will be left in the beaker
Separating mixtures
Explain SIMPLE DISTILLATION
Simple distillation separates a
solvent (liquid) from a solution
solution
E.g salt in water
The mixture is heated
Water evaporates
Leaving solid salts in beaker
The evaporated water (gas) condenses in the condensing tube
The liquid water is collected in a separate beaker