Classifying materials

Question 1

3 states of matter

Answer 1

Solids
Liquids
Gases

Question 2

How are solids particles arranged?

Answer 2

Particles held in fixed position
Keep definite shape
Particles only vibrate
Dense
Not easily compressed

Question 3

How are liquid particles arranged?

Answer 3

Particles move past each other
Don’t keep definite shape
Quite dense
Not easily compressed

Question 4

How are gas particles arranged?

Answer 4

Particles have the most energy
Don’t keep a definite shape
Expand to fill volume of a container
Easily compressed
Low density

Question 5

Definition of diffusion

Answer 5

GAS Particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Down the concentration gradient

Question 6

Definition of atom

Answer 6

Simplest substance
Cannot be broken down any further

Question 7

Definition of element

Answer 7

Substance contains only one type of atom

Question 8

Definition of a molecule

Answer 8

Atoms of the same element joined together e.g. O2

Question 9

Definition of a compound

Answer 9

Two different elements chemically bonded together

Question 10

Definition of a mixture

Answer 10

Two or more elements not chemically bonded together

Question 11

What happens when reduce volume of container gas is in ?

Answer 11

You increase pressure

As more gas particles in a smaller volume

Question 12

What happens when you heat gas particles in a container?

Answer 12

You increase the pressure

As gas particles gain more kinetic energy so hit walls of container harder and more often

Question 13

What is subliming

Answer 13

Changing solid to gas

Question 14

Draw melting and cooling curve of water

Question 15

Periodic table

1) who invented it

2) how did they arrange elements in the periodic table

3) how is the periodic table split

Answer 15

1) Mendeleev

2) vertical columns are called GROUPS and they have similar properties and react similarly
Groups 0-7

Horizontal rows are called periods

3) metals (left) non metals (right)

Question 16

Properties of group 0
What is group 0 called

Answer 16

Group 0 = noble gases

They are UNREACTIVE

Because they have a full outer shell of electrons

Question 17

Group 1

2 examples of elements in group 1

What happens to reactivity as you go down the group

Answer 17

Na and Ca

Reactivity increases as you go down the group

Question 18

Group 7

2 examples

What happens to reactivity as you go down the group

Answer 18

Fluorine an bromine

They are less reactive as you go down the group

Question 19

What substance is formed when Cu is heated with oxygen and carbon

Answer 19

Copper carbonate

Question 20

What happens when you keep adding salt to water?

Answer 20

Salt (SOLUTE) is added to the water (SOLVENT)

Particles mix together, the salt dissolves and form a SOLUTION

When you keep adding salt the solution becomes saturated and no more salt can dissolve (so you see solid salt in the water

Question 20

Explain the process of dissolving

Answer 20

A solid (SOLUTE) is added to a liquid (SOLVENT)
The particles mix to form a solution

Question 21

Separating mixtures:

Explain process of FILTRATION

Answer 21

Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

Using filter paper

Question 21

Separating mixtures

Process of EVAPORATION

Answer 21

Used to separate soluble solids from liquids

E.g. salt and water

Put mixture/ solution into beaker and heat it
The water (solvent) will evaporate
Salt (solute) solid will be left in the beaker

Question 22

Separating mixtures

Explain SIMPLE DISTILLATION

Answer 22

Simple distillation separates a
solvent (liquid) from a solution
solution

E.g salt in water

The mixture is heated
Water evaporates
Leaving solid salts in beaker
The evaporated water (gas) condenses in the condensing tube
The liquid water is collected in a separate beaker

Question 23

Separating mixtures

Explain the process of CHROMATOGRAPHY

Answer 23

Used to separate soluble SOLVENTS e.g. different coloured inks

Sheet of paper draw line with pencil at bottom
Dot of ink on line
Water (solvent ) touched bottom of paper
Water spreads up the paper and separates the ink into separate colours depending on solubility

Question 24

Separating mixtures

Explain process of FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

Answer 24

Used to separate crude oils (mixture of liquids)

Mixture of liquids is heated in fractionating column

Different liquids have different boiling points

So they condense at different temperatures and can be collected separately

Question 25

Properties of metals

Answer 25

Strong, tough, high density
High melting and boiling point
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Shiny, malleable ductile and magnetic

Question 26

Definition of an Alloy

Answer 26

Mixture of two different metals, makes the metal stronger

Question 27

Properties of non metals

Answer 27

Poor conductors of heat and electricity, weak, dull, brittle, low density and not magnetic
Low melting and boiling point

Question 28

Properties of polymers, ceramics and composites

Answer 28

Polymer:
Plastics(pvc,polythene and nylon are malleable, low density, insulators. Used for clothes, bottles, bags)

Ceramics:
Used for cups and are brittle, good insulators

Composites:
A mixture of materials fibreglass (plastic and glass fibres, used for boats,)
Concrete(sand gravel and cement)
Used for buildings, paths.