Classify common types of input/output device interfaces Flashcards
Networking - Wired 2 types
The registered jack 11 (RJ11) is a type of connector commonly used for telephone cables. It has four or six pins and is used to connect phones, modems, and other telecommunication devices to a wall jack or other phone line.
The eight-pin RJ45 connector is a standardized interface which often connects a computer to a Local Area Network (LAN). This type of connector was originally developed for telephone communications but is now used in a range of applications. The abbreviation, RJ45, stands for Registered Jack-45.
Networking - Wireless 2 types
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard that is used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances and building personal area networks (PANs). In the most widely used mode, transmission power is limited to 2.5 milliwatts, giving it a very short range of up to 10 metres (33 ft). It employs UHF radio waves in the ISM bands, from 2.402 GHz to 2.48 GHz.[3] It is mainly used as an alternative to wired connections to exchange files between nearby portable devices and connect cell phones and music players with wireless headphones.
Near-field communication (NFC) is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm (1.57 in) or less.[1] NFC offers a low-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used to bootstrap more capable wireless connections.[2] Like other “proximity card” technologies, NFC is based on inductive coupling between two antennas present on NFC-enabled devices — for example a smartphone and a printer — communicating in one or both directions using a frequency of 13.56 MHz in the globally available unlicensed radio frequency ISM band using the ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface standard at data rates ranging from 106 to 848 kbit/s.
RFID?
By definition, RFID is the method of uniquely identifying items using radio waves.
It is a wireless, contactless data transfer technology that uses tags or cards to store data, that do not need to be powered.
An RFID system comprises a tag, a reader, and an antenna.
RFID works by placing a physical tag on an object, such as a truck. This tag uses radio waves to send data to a remote reader. The data could include location details, delivery time, and more.
RFID tags are either Active or Passive. Active RFID tags contain their own power source giving them the ability to broadcast with a read range of up to 100 meters.
Their long read range makes active RFID tags ideal for many industries where asset location and other improvements in logistics are important.
RFID vs NFC
In short: RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification, a contactless one-way communication method at varying distances. NFC, Near Field Communication, allows for two-way communication and requires action by the user.
Range & Applications – NFC has a very short range of action, as the general working range is within 0.1 meters. It is a user interactive technology, and it needs the user’s special participation to ensure the completion of functions such as payment or access. NFC technology plays a huge role in access control, public transportation, mobile payment and other fields.
On the other hand, an RFID scanner can read a large number of tags at the same time, which is very common in warehouse inventory. RFID works at distances of hundreds of feet.
Communication – RFID is typically only capable of one-way communication (from the tag to the reader), NFC is capable of two-way communication.
Data Storage – NFC can store more complex data than simple identifying information. NFC tags can store up to 4KB of data. This data can take on numerous formats including text, URLs and media. While RFID tags usually require expensive readers to extract data, most modern-day smartphones are fitted with NFC reading capabilities. This greatly reduces the cost of implementing NFC tags, as users can simply use their smartphones to read data. Smartphones can read and write data onto a tag or card, obtain detailed metadata, launch an app or URL when the tag is scanned, and also share data between phones using NFC (peer-to-peer (P2P) communication).
Peripheral device - USB
USB. abbreviation for. Universal Serial Bus: a standard for connection sockets on computers and other electronic equipment that allows data exchange and delivery of power between many various types of electronics. It specifies its architecture, in particular its physical interface, and communication protocols for data transfer and power delivery to and from hosts, such as personal computers, to and from peripheral devices, e.g. displays, keyboards, and mass storage devices, and to and from intermediate hubs, which multiply the number of a host’s ports.
Peripheral device - FireWire
IEEE 1394 is an interface standard for a serial bus for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer. It was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s by Apple in cooperation with a number of companies, primarily Sony and Panasonic. It is most commonly known by the name FireWire (Apple), though other brand names exist such as i.LINK (Sony), and Lynx (Texas Instruments).
USB grew to be more powerful.
Peripheral device - Thunderbolt
Thunderbolt is the brand name of a hardware interface for the connection of external peripherals to a computer. It was developed by Intel in collaboration with Apple.[7][8] It was initially marketed under the name Light Peak, and first sold as part of an end-user product on 24 February 2011.[1]
Thunderbolt combines PCI Express (PCIe) and DisplayPort (DP) into two serial signals,[9][10] and additionally provides DC power via a single cable. Up to six peripherals may be supported by one connector through various topologies. Thunderbolt 1 and 2 use the same connector as Mini DisplayPort (MDP), whereas Thunderbolt 3, 4, and 5 use the USB-C connector, and support USB devices.
PCI Express
PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), officially abbreviated as PCIe or PCI-e,[1] is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard, designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X and AGP bus standards. It is the common motherboard interface for personal computers’ graphics cards, sound cards, hard disk drive host adapters, SSDs, Wi-Fi and Ethernet hardware connections.[2] PCIe has numerous improvements over the older standards, including higher maximum system bus throughput, lower I/O pin count and smaller physical footprint, better performance scaling for bus devices, a more detailed error detection and reporting mechanism (Advanced Error Reporting, AER),[3] and native hot-swap functionality. More recent revisions of the PCIe standard provide hardware support for I/O virtualization.
Peripheral device - Bluetooth
Bluetooth technology allows devices to communicate with each other without cables or wires. Bluetooth relies on short-range radio frequency, and any device that incorporates the technology can communicate as long as it is within the required distance.
The FCC regulates radio frequency (RF) devices contained in electronic-electrical products that are capable of emitting radio frequency energy by radiation, conduction, or other means
RF is used in three main areas: Transfer information over long distances without wires or cables, such as TV and radio broadcasts, satellite communications, cell phones, and Wi-Fi. Sense and detect objects, e.g. with radar and airport body scanners. Heat objects in a microwave oven or in industrial applications.
