Classifications of Ventilators

Question 1

What does the Chatburn Classification System have?

Answer 1

Input power source, positive/negative pressure, control systems and circuits, power transmission, and output

Question 2

What are the options of the input power source?

Answer 2

Electric, pneumatic, combined, manual

Question 3

What are the parts of the control systems and circuits?

Answer 3

Open vs closed loop, control panel and pneumatic circuit

Question 4

What are the parts of the power transmission?

Answer 4

Compressor or bellows, volume displacement design, flow control valves

Question 5

What is included in output?

Answer 5

Pressure waveforms, volume waveforms and flow waveforms

Question 6

What does it mean when something is pneumatically powered?

Answer 6

It is powered by a 50 psi gas source

Question 7

What do negative pressure ventilators do?

Answer 7

“Pull” open the lungs

Question 8

What do positive pressure ventilators do?

Answer 8

“Push” open the lungs

Question 9

What are the two parts to the pneumatic circuit of the control system?

Answer 9

Internal circuit (single or double circuit) and external circuit (tubing to patient)

Question 10

What is another term for an open system?

Answer 10

Unintelligent

Question 11

What does it mean when a ventilator is “unintelligent?”

Answer 11

You set the parameter and it delivers with “no questions asked”

Question 12

What is another term for a closed system?

Answer 12

Intelligent

Question 13

Where is the control panel located? What does it do?

Answer 13

It is the outside surface of the ventilator and is monitored/set by the user. It governs the four physical parameters: volume, time, pressure and flow

Question 14

What is an internal control system?

Answer 14

It reads and interprets what is set and controls the function of the drive mechanism

Question 15

What is a double circuit?

Answer 15

It is two sources of gas that never mix together

Question 16

What is the external circuit?

Answer 16

It is outside of the machine and it connects the vent to the patient’s airway

Question 17

What does the external circuit consist of?

Answer 17

The main inspiratory line, “wye” adapter to the patient, expiratory line, expiratory valve (internal or external)

Question 18

What are some devices that are used with patient circuits?

Answer 18

Air warmer/humidifier, temperature sensing device, an apnea or low pressure alarm, nebulizer line, volume measuring device, bacteria filter and a proximal pressure gauge

Question 19

What is power transmission and conversion?

Answer 19

Conversion of power source to work and work provided by the drive mechanism

Question 20

What are some volume displacement designs?

Answer 20

Bellows, pistons, flow valves and solenoids

Question 21

What is the purpose of volume displacements?

Answer 21

Volume controllers

Question 22

What are some examples of flow control valves?

Answer 22

Proportional solenoids, stepper motion with valve, digital valve (on/off configuration)

Question 23

What is a flow control valve?

Answer 23

It delivers flow for a specific amount of time. Not measuring volume but guaranteeing it

Question 24

What are the kinds of bellows and pistons used?

Answer 24

Spring loaded bellows, linear or rotary drive pistions

Question 25

What are compressors or blowers used for?

Answer 25

Used as the power source or for converting and transmitting a power source

Question 26

How can you change a compressor volume?

Answer 26

By compressing space that will increase pressure

Question 27

How do compressors run?

Answer 27

They can be piston driven, rotary blades, moving diaphragms or bellows

Question 28

What does a drive mechanism do?

Answer 28

It generates the actual force needed to deliver gas under pressure

Question 29

What does output control consist of?

Answer 29

One or more valves that regulate flow to the patient

Question 30

Power transmission and conversion consists of?

Answer 30

Drive mechanisms and output control mechanisms

Question 31

Large compressors supply _________ that provide power to ventilators

Answer 31

Wall outlets

Question 32

Some ventilators have built in _________ to be used when power is not available (or sometimes even as the main source)

Answer 32

Compressors

Question 33

Most modern vents have __________. These _______ control or direct gas flow and can open/close completely or in small increments

Answer 33

Flow control valves; valves

Question 34

What are flow control valves driven by?

Answer 34

Various motor-based mechanisms

Question 35

Flow control valves have ______ response time and are very _______

Answer 35

Rapid; flexible

Question 36

What happens when you attach a piston to a wheel?

Answer 36

Produces a different flow pattern (the speed will be much faster in the middle of the breath). More physiologic