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BIOL 113 (Animal Biology) > Classifications Of Organisms > Flashcards

Classifications Of Organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Nutrition in animals is mainly?

A

Heterotrophic

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2
Q

Nutrition in plants is mainly?

A

Autotrophic

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3
Q

Plant cells are bound by

A

A rigid cellulose cell wall

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4
Q

Animal cells are bound by

A

A flexible cell membrane

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5
Q

What are the main features of protoctists?

A

—Microscopic
—Single celled /Multicellular
—Heterotrophic/ Autotrophic
—Asexual, through sporulation,fission and fragmentation

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6
Q

Artificial classification of organisms is based on

A

Observable features such as color, mode of locomotion, habitat, etc

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7
Q

Natural classification of organisms is based on

A

Phylogenesis (evolutionary development and diversification of a specie)

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8
Q

What is a cladogram?

A

A family tree ( based on a common feature identified in organisms linking them to a common ancestor)

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9
Q

What is the phenetics?

A

A system of natural classification whereby organisms are classified based on evidence from data compiled on morphological (structural), cytological (cellular) and biochemical similarities or differences.

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10
Q

Who introduced binomial nomenclature?

A

Carl Von Linnaeus (1707-1778)

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11
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A

Protoctistae/ Protistae

Prokaryotae/ Monera

Fungi

Plantae

Animalia

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12
Q

Invertebrates are classified into?

A

Protozoa

Mesozoa

Parazoa

Metazoa

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13
Q

What are the xtics of Protozoan?

A

— Unicellular for most of their lives

— Described as acellular (not divided into cells)

—Vital functions carried out by organelles

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14
Q

What are the main Xtics of Mesozoa?

A

(Greek: mesos~middle, zoon~animal)

2 classes and 3 orders exist

—Single celled/ acellular
—Bilaterally symmetrical

—Marine

—Cellular bodies

—No organs

—No body cavities

—Do not have more than 2 layers. The outer;ciliated and the inner;reproductive

—Gamates and agamates produced from special cells which form from the central mass of the body

—Alteration of sexual and asexual generations throughout their lifestyle

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15
Q

What are parazoans?

A

—possess flagellated cells that make them unique among other multicellular invertebrates.

—The many cells are not organized into tissues and organs

—Exist at the cellular level of organization

— Most primitive multicellular organisms

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16
Q

What are the major Xtics of metazoa?

A

— Invertebrates with marked cellular differentiation

— Two levels of organization;
•Diploblastic
•Triploplastic

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17
Q

What kingdoms fall under the super-kingdom Eukaryotae?

A

Protoctistae

Fungi

Animalia

Plantae

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18
Q

Protozoa fall under which Kingdom and Super Kingdom?

A

Kingdom protoctistae

Super Kingdom Eukaryotae

19
Q

Where can Protozoa be found?

A

In moist or watery environments e.g, sea, freshwater, mud, body fluids, etc

20
Q

The organelles found in Protozoa include?

A

Cilia, Flagella, Pseudopodia, Contractile vacuoles, etc

21
Q

Protozoa are divided into 4 phyla based on organelles and modes of locomotion. What are the 4 phyla?

A

Phylum Rhizopoda (Sarcodina)

Phylum Apicomplexa

Phylum Sarcomastigophore

Phylum Ciliaphora

22
Q

What are Xtics of Phylum Rhizopoda (Sarcodina)?

A

• Lack Chromotaphores
• Single nucleus (uninucleate)
• Do not have specific shape due to absence of rigid pellicle.
• Asexual reproduction by binary fission
• Pseudopodia (false feet) for locomotion found in any position of the body and can be retracted into the body.
•e.g, Amoeba, Entamoeba, Arcella, Testacia

23
Q

What are major Xtics of phylum Apicomplexa?

A

• They have an apical complex structure and an apicoplast

• They lack locomotory organelles but move by ‘gliding motility’, therefore;

• They are Characterized by reproductive process, form many spores during asexual and sexual reproduction

• Parasitic and absorb food in solution from hosts

• Uninucleate

•Economically important due to disease causing Xtics in humans and other organisms

24
Q

What are examples of phylum Apicomplexa?

A

— plasmodium (cause malaria)
— eimeria (cause coccidiosis)
— toxoplasma (cause toxoplasmosis)

25
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Taxonomy is the scientific study of naming, defining and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared Xtics.

26
Q

What are the two classes of phylum Sarcomastigophora?

A

Phytomastigophorea (possess chlorophyll and are holophytic)

Zoomastigophorea (animal-like chromotophores, holozoic)

27
Q

What are the characteristics of phylum sarcomastigophora?

A

• Some possess green, yellow or brown cup- shaped chromotophores due to the presence of pigments. Some do not

• Cell is covered by Pellicle and is semi rigid

• Usually have definite shape

•Adults use flagella for locomotion

• Single nucleus

• Asexual reproduction by longitudinal binary fission

• Two classes exist:::
— Phytomastigophora (plant-like)
— Zoomastigophora (animal-like)

28
Q

What are the two classes of Sarcomastigophora?

A

Phytomastigophora

Zoomastigophora

29
Q

Class Phytomastigophora possess which characteristics?

A

• Plant-like because they possess chromatophores

• Most are holophytic (photosynthetic)

30
Q

Examples of Class Phytomastigophora include?

A

Volvox

Euglena

Chlamydomonas

31
Q

The class Zoomastigophora possess which characteristics?

A

• Animal-like because they lack chromatophores

• Holozoic (food ingested through temporary or permanent openings)

• Sexual reproduction in few groups

• Some are parasitic

• Possess one to many flagella

• Some are in Amoeboid forms with or without flagella

32
Q

Examples of organisms in class Zoomastigophora include?

A

Mastigamoeba

Tricamympha

Trypanosoma

Leishmania

33
Q

What are the two major types of classification?

A

Natural
Artificial

34
Q

What are the criteria used in classifying Protozoa?

A

Organelles, mode of locomotion and reproduction

35
Q

Single criteria for classification of Sarcomastigophora?

A

Possession of chromatophores and not.

36
Q

Type of reproduction in Rhizopoda

A

Binary fission (asexual)

37
Q

Type of locomotion in Apicomplexa

A

Gliding motility because of absence of podia

38
Q

Type of reproduction in Sarcomastigophora?

A

Longitudinal binary fission (asexual)

Sexual in some groups

39
Q

Type of reproduction in cilliophora

A

Transverse fission (asexual)

Conjugation (sexual)

40
Q

What are the classes in Sarcomastigophora

A

Phtytomastigophora

Zoomastigophora

41
Q

Examples of organisms in phylum Rhizopoda?

A

Amoeba

Entamoeba

Arcella

42
Q

Examples of organisms in phylum Apicomplexa?

A

Plasmodium (malaria cause)

Toxoplasma (toxoplasmosis cause)

Eimeria (coccidiosis)

43
Q

Examples of organisms in phylum Sarcomastigophora

A

Phytomastigophora - volvox, euglena, chlamydomonas

Zoomastigophora- trypanosoma, mastigamoeba.

BIOL 113 (Animal Biology) (6 decks)

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