Classifications Of Organisms Flashcards
Nutrition in animals is mainly?
Heterotrophic
Nutrition in plants is mainly?
Autotrophic
Plant cells are bound by
A rigid cellulose cell wall
Animal cells are bound by
A flexible cell membrane
What are the main features of protoctists?
—Microscopic
—Single celled /Multicellular
—Heterotrophic/ Autotrophic
—Asexual, through sporulation,fission and fragmentation
Artificial classification of organisms is based on
Observable features such as color, mode of locomotion, habitat, etc
Natural classification of organisms is based on
Phylogenesis (evolutionary development and diversification of a specie)
What is a cladogram?
A family tree ( based on a common feature identified in organisms linking them to a common ancestor)
What is the phenetics?
A system of natural classification whereby organisms are classified based on evidence from data compiled on morphological (structural), cytological (cellular) and biochemical similarities or differences.
Who introduced binomial nomenclature?
Carl Von Linnaeus (1707-1778)
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Protoctistae/ Protistae
Prokaryotae/ Monera
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Invertebrates are classified into?
Protozoa
Mesozoa
Parazoa
Metazoa
What are the xtics of Protozoan?
— Unicellular for most of their lives
— Described as acellular (not divided into cells)
—Vital functions carried out by organelles
What are the main Xtics of Mesozoa?
(Greek: mesos~middle, zoon~animal)
2 classes and 3 orders exist
—Single celled/ acellular
—Bilaterally symmetrical
—Marine
—Cellular bodies
—No organs
—No body cavities
—Do not have more than 2 layers. The outer;ciliated and the inner;reproductive
—Gamates and agamates produced from special cells which form from the central mass of the body
—Alteration of sexual and asexual generations throughout their lifestyle
What are parazoans?
—possess flagellated cells that make them unique among other multicellular invertebrates.
—The many cells are not organized into tissues and organs
—Exist at the cellular level of organization
— Most primitive multicellular organisms
What are the major Xtics of metazoa?
— Invertebrates with marked cellular differentiation
— Two levels of organization;
•Diploblastic
•Triploplastic
What kingdoms fall under the super-kingdom Eukaryotae?
Protoctistae
Fungi
Animalia
Plantae
Protozoa fall under which Kingdom and Super Kingdom?
Kingdom protoctistae
Super Kingdom Eukaryotae
Where can Protozoa be found?
In moist or watery environments e.g, sea, freshwater, mud, body fluids, etc
The organelles found in Protozoa include?
Cilia, Flagella, Pseudopodia, Contractile vacuoles, etc
Protozoa are divided into 4 phyla based on organelles and modes of locomotion. What are the 4 phyla?
Phylum Rhizopoda (Sarcodina)
Phylum Apicomplexa
Phylum Sarcomastigophore
Phylum Ciliaphora
What are Xtics of Phylum Rhizopoda (Sarcodina)?
• Lack Chromotaphores
• Single nucleus (uninucleate)
• Do not have specific shape due to absence of rigid pellicle.
• Asexual reproduction by binary fission
• Pseudopodia (false feet) for locomotion found in any position of the body and can be retracted into the body.
•e.g, Amoeba, Entamoeba, Arcella, Testacia
What are major Xtics of phylum Apicomplexa?
• They have an apical complex structure and an apicoplast
• They lack locomotory organelles but move by ‘gliding motility’, therefore;
• They are Characterized by reproductive process, form many spores during asexual and sexual reproduction
• Parasitic and absorb food in solution from hosts
• Uninucleate
•Economically important due to disease causing Xtics in humans and other organisms
What are examples of phylum Apicomplexa?
— plasmodium (cause malaria)
— eimeria (cause coccidiosis)
— toxoplasma (cause toxoplasmosis)
