Classifications of CNS and Psychiatric Drugs (Pharmacology) Flashcards
5 Main Classes of Antidepressants
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOi)
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Noradrenergic Reuptake Inhibitors (NARIs)
- Serotonin and Noradrenergic Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
6 Other Antidepressant Drug (Name and class)
- Mirtazapine – Norepinephrine and specific serotonin antidepressant (NaSSA)
- Bupropion – Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI)
- Agomelatine – Melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor agonists
- Ketamine – Glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist
- Vortioxetine – Multimodal Serotonergic Antidepressants (Serotonin Modulators and Stimulators)
- Trazodone – Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitor
Examples of MAO inhibitors
- Moclobemide (Reversible MAO A)
- Phenelzine (Irreversible non-selective)
Examples of TCAs
Non-selective for 5-HT and NE transporter
- Imipramine
- Amitriptyline
- Nortriptyline
- Clomipramine
Selective for NE transporter
- Desipramine
Examples of SSRIs
Fluoxetine
Citalopram
Fluvoxamine
Escitalopram
Examples of NARIs
Reboxetine
Maprotiline
Examples of SNRIs
Venlafaxine
Duloxetine
Order of Antidepressant Pharmacologic Treatment (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th lines)
- SSRI, SNRI, NaSSA (Mirtazapine), Bupropion
- Agomelatine, Vortioxetine
- TCAs
- MAOi
Main Classes, Sub-classes and Some Names of Anxiolytics
Benzodiazepines:
- Short acting
- Intermediate acting
- Long acting
Non-benzodiazepines:
- Zolpidem
- Buspirone (Serotonin receptor partial agonist)
- Barbiturates
(1) Long acting anticonvulsants
(2) Short acting sedative/hypnotics
(3) Ultrashort acting IV induction of anesthesia
- Pregabalin (GABA analogue)
- Hydroxyzine (1st generation antihistamine)
- Propranolol (Beta Blocker)
- Others (Antidepressants)
Types of benzodiazepines and names of drugs
Short-acting (Midazolam, Triazolam)
Intermediate-acting (Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Lorazepam, Oxazepam, Temazepam)
Long-acting (Diazepam, Flurazepam)
Types of barbiturates and names of drugs
Long acting anticonvulsants (1-2 days)
- Phenobarbital
Short acting sedative/hypnotics (3-8h)
- Pentobarbital
- Amobarbital
Ultrashort acting IV induction of anesthesia
- Thiopental
4 Main Antiepileptic Drugs and brief MOA
- Phenytoin (Inhibit Na channel)
- Carbamazepine (Inhibit Na channel)
- Valproate (Inhibit Na, Ca channel, GABA transaminase)
- Benzodiazepine
Broad categories of the 6 Main therapeutic options for Parkinson’s Disease
Dopaminergic:
1. Levodopa
2. MAO-B Inhibitors
3. Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors
4. Dopamine Agonists
Non-dopaminergic
5. Anticholinergics
6. Amantadine
Levodopa is used in combination with
Peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors
e.g. with Benserazide [Madopar],
e.g. with Carbidopa [Sinemet])
Example of MAO-B Inhibitor
Selegiline (Jumex)
Examples of COMT inhibitors
Entacapone (Comtan), Tolcapone (Tasmar)
2 Broad Classes of Antipsychotics and Key Drugs (Schizophrenia)
- Typical Antipsychotics (Chlorpromazine, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Trifluoperazine)
- Atypical Antipsychotics (Amisulpride, Aripiprazole, Clozapine, Olanzapine, Risperidone)
Classification of Opioid Agonists based on strength
Strong Opioid Agonists I (Strong µ agonists)
1. Morphine (weaker δ and κ agonist)
2. Methadone (no significant δ and κ affinity) – Long acting
3. Fentanyl (no significant δ and κ affinity) – Short acting
4. Pethidine [Meperidine] (weaker δ and κ agonist) – Shorter acting than morphine
Moderate Opioid Agonists (Weak μ agonist):
1. Codeine
(Also a weak δ agonist, probably not a κ agonist)
2. Tramadol
(Also a weak 5-HT inhibitor and noradrenaline reuptake)
Examples of Opioid Antagonists (Duration of action and route of administration)
Strong μ antagonism; also δ and κ antagonism:
- Naloxone (Short acting IV)
- Naltrexone (Long acting PO)
- Nalmefene (Long acting IV)
Types of Local Anaesthetics and Names of Drugs
- Ester type (Procaine)
- Amide type (Lidocaine)
Types of General Anaesthetics based on route of administration and Names of Drugs
Inhalation:
1. Volatile Liquids – Halothane, Isoflurane, Sevoflurane
2. Gas – Nitrous Oxide
Intravenous:
1. Barbiturates – Sodium Thiopental
2. Propofol
3. Ketamine
4. Benzodiazepine – Midazolam
Anesthetic Adjuncts / Post-Op Care
- Benzodiazepines
- Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists – Dexmedetomidine
- Analgesics – NSAIDs
- Neuromuscular Blocking agents – Succinylcholine (depolarizing), Vecuronium (non-depolarizing)
