classifications of a volcano Flashcards
- have a large stature, broad summit, and gently sloping sides.
shield volcano
- its form resembles a warrior’s shield
shield volcano
- formed when fluid or non viscous lava exists in the volcano, quickly spreads out
from the vent, and hardens on a wide surface area.
shield volcano
- erupts non-viscous lava and mostly gives non-violent eruptions
shield volcano
a short, conical volcano with steep slopes
cinder volc
ejected fragments of hardened viscous lava
cinders
- majorly erupts cinders or scoria using mild to moderate explosive eruption
cinder volc
- formed when cinders erupt from the volcano and heavier cinders pile up at the
vent and lighter cinders spread farther from the vent (and nearer to the base). It erupts lava but cinders are not competent enough to allow lava to exit the main vent. Thus, the lava leaks at the base of the volcano instead of over the cinders or scoria. This is also why they remain short.
cinder volc
a tall, steep conical volcano made of layers of tephra, ash, and viscous lava.
composite volc
- called a stratovolcano because it is derived from the Latin word “strata” which is
the plural word for “stratum”.
composite
Strata means
layers
has an explosive type of eruption to eject heavier materials like tephra and viscous
lava
composite volc
a steam-driveneuption as the hot rocks come in contact with water
Phreatic or Hydrothermal
originates from the Greek phrear,meaning “well” or “spring”
phreatic or hydrothermal
Eruption happens when groundwater or surface water gets heated up straight into steam by rocks heated by magma.
phreatic or hydrothermal
- is a violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma
● Phreatomagmatic eruption
Eruption Results of a large column of very fine ash and high-speed and sideway
emission of pyroclastics are observed.
phreatomagmatic eruption
high-speed and sideway
emission of pyroclastics called
base surges
periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava
Strombolian eruption
This type of eruption forms cinder cone volcano
Strombolian eruption
- characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with
pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra.
Vulcanian eruption
- This type of eruption forms composite/stratovolcano
Vulcanian eruption
excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastics
Plinian eruption
strongest eruption showing the biggest, and highest ash cloud with lots of
different-sized rocks
plinian eruption
explosive eruption that creates umbrella-shaped ash columns that can reach the
stratosphere
plinian eruption
- characterized by fluid lava only with non-violent eruptions
Hawaiian eruption
- does not create any substantial ash column like the strombolian, vulcanian, and
plinian
hawaiian eruption
- This type of eruption forms shield volcano
hawaiian eruption
