Classifications 2 Flashcards
What is an Artificial Classification?
- Artificial Classification is grouping organisms based on visible characteristics such as shape, venation, number of legs and colour.
What is Natural Classification?
- Natural Classification is grouping organisms based on their internal and external characteristics.
What is a Taxon?
- A category in which organisms are placed
How many domains are there and what are they?
There are two domains, the Eukaryotes which have a true nucleus and the Prokaryotes which have no true nucleus.
Why aren’t viruses apart of the Classification System?
Viruses aren’t apart of the Classification System because they do not have a true cellular system and they only have living characteristics once they enter a host.
What is the Kingdom Prokaryotae?
The Kingdom Prokaryotae comes under the domain, The Prokaryotes. They do not have a true nucleus. Instead, they have genetic material DNA and RNA which aren’t bound by a membrane. It includes bacteria. Scientists believe that they were the first to evolve because they contain the oldest fossils.
What are the characteristics of the Kingdom Prokaryotae?
- unicellular, microscopic
- have no mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, chlorophyll, nucleus
- parasitic
- have a cell wall
- prokaryotic
What is the Eukaryote?
The Eukaryote has 4 kingdoms:
- Kingdom Animalia
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Protoctista
What is Kingdom Protoctista?
- Kingdom Protoctista has plant-like and animal-like organisms. They have a true nucleus but no cell wall.
Which organisms are apart of the Kingdom Protoctista?
- Algae
- Protozoa
- Amoeba
What are the characteristics of Algae?
- plant-like and has the ability to photosynthesize
- can be either multicellular or unicellular
- the multicellular algae has no roots, stem or leaves just a simple body called the Thallus.
What is Protozoa?
- Protozoa consists of Amoeba and Paramecium
What are the characteristics of Amoeba?
- Amoeba is different from Algae because because they do not photosynthesize so they feed on other organisms.
What is the Kingdom Fungi?
- The Kingdom Fungi does not contain chlorophyll so they are unable to photosynthesize.
- The feed saprophytically meaning they feed on dead or decaying organisms
- They may cause diseases, these are called parasites
- They may enter a mutualistic relationship where both them and the host benefit from it.
- They have white threads called Hyphae which are made of cellulose cell walls, large vacuole and a thin layer of cytoplasm.
- The Hyphae joins together to make mycelium.
- The Hyphae is what produces enzymes so the dead materials can be absorbed.
- They are reproduced from spores.
- The cell walls are made of chitin
What are the characteristics of Fungi?
- Feed saprophytically
- Multicellular
- No chlorophyll
- have cell walls
What are the characteristics of Kingdom Animalia?
- all multicellular
- able to move around
- feed heterotrophically (can’t make their own food so they feed on what is already there)
- no chlorophyll, can’t photosynthesize
What are the seven Phyla under Kingdom Animalia?
Charlie - Cnidera
Cooks - Chordata
Amazing - Arthropoda
Apple - Annelida
Pie - Porifera
Every - Echinodermata
Morning - Mollusca
The Phylum Arthropoda
- include animals with jointed legs but no backbone
- they have a waterproof exoskeleton that allows them to live on dry land and withstand harsh conditions
What are the 5 classes of the Phylum Arthropoda?
Carl - Crustacea
Ate - Arachnida
Donuts - Diplopoda
In - Insecta
Class - Chilopoda
The Class Crustacea and its characteristics
- includes crabs and lobsters
- breathe through gills
- they have more than 4 pairs of jointed legs
- not millipedes or centipedes
The Class Arachnida and its characteristics
- include spiders, scorpions and ticks
- land dwelling organisms
- breathe through gills called book lungs
- have exactly four pairs of jointed legs
The Class Diplopoda and its characteristics
- include millipedes
- body consists of segments
- each segment has two pairs of legs
The Class Insecta and its characteristics
- includes grasshoppers and cockroaches
- have a exoskeleton and tracheae that allows water to evaporate from their bodies
- live in dry conditions
- three pairs of jointed legs
- breathe through thracheae
- two pairs of wings
What is the Phylum Chordata?
- the organisms in this phylum have a supporting rod along the length of their bodies
- includes the vertebrates which have a backbone
What are the Classes within the Phylum Chordata?
Polly - Pisces
And - Amphibia
Riley - Reptilia
Ate - Aves
Mangoes - Mammalia
The Class Pisces and its characteristics
- include fishes
- all fishes live in water except the mudskipper that breathes air for a short time
Characteristics:
- vertebrates with scaly skin
- have fins
- have gills
The Class Amphibia and its characteristics
- include frogs and tadpoles
- most of them live on land but go back to the water to reproduce
Characteristics:
- vertebrates with moist, scale-less skin
- lay their eggs in water
- adults live on land so they have lungs
- young amphibians have gills
The Class Reptilia and its characteristics
- include snakes, crocodiles, lizards, turtles and tortoises
- they do not go back to reproduce because their eggs have a waterproof shell that prevents it from drying out
Characteristics:
- vertebrates with scaly skin
- produce eggs with rubbery shells
The Class Aves and its characteristics
- include birds
- lay waterproof eggs
Characteristics:
- vertebrates with feathers
- forelimbs become wings
- endothermic
- have beaks
- produce eggs with hard shells
The Class Mammalia and its characteristics
- humans are apart of this class
- have well developed cerebral hemispheres
Characteristics:
- have a placenta
- young feed on milk from mammary glands
- have a diaphragm
- have different types of teeth
- endothermic
- vertebrates with hair
- heart has four chambers
