Classification Processes (U3, T1) Flashcards
Name the six kingdoms of living organisms
animals, plants, bacteria, protists, fungi, archaea
List the five levels of classification
Kingdom, class, order, genus, species
What is an r-selected species?
a species that produces many young, with a short gestation, little parental involvement and a short time to sexual maturity
What is a K-selected species?
a species with typically long gestation periods, give birth to few offspring, invest time and resources into raising their children, and sexual maturity is reached after a long period of time
Example of r-selected species
Mice, frogs, insects
Example of K-selected species
elephants, humans, cats,
What is RNA processing?
exons are cut out of the pre-mRNA. then a methyl group is added to the 5’ end and a poly-A group is added to the 3’ end
Define translation
tRNA molecules carrying specific amino acid sequences pair with complimentary mRNA molecules - linking their amino acids together to form a polypeptide
Where does translation occur?
at a ribosome
TRUE OR FALSE: biological classification is most often based on physical features, reproductive strategies and molecular sequences
TRUE
What is a clade?
a clade is a group of taxa and phylogenetic diagram that which represents all the evolutionary decedents of a common ancestor
Define a monophyletic group
a group of organisms whose similarities result from being descended from a common ancestor
Define a paraphyletic group
a group which contains the group’s common ancestor and some of its decedents
Define a polyphyletic group
a group composed of a collection of organisms where their common ancestor is NOT included
What is a polypeptide?
a polymer made of a long chain of amino acids (monomers)
What is haemoglobin?
a protein found within red blood cells that carries oxygen
What is a species?
a biological species is a group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring
Define parasitism (+/- relationship)
a symbiotic relationship in which one organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense and damage of the host
Define mutualism (+/+ relationship)
a relationship between two species where both benefits from the relationship
Define commensalism (+/0 relationship)
a relationship where one species benefits from the relationship but the other is not impacted positively or negatively. they remain neutral
Define amensalism (-/0 relationship)
one species is harmed by the interaction but the other remains neutral to the interaction
What is a disease?
any condition is which the normal functions of the body are impaired
What is a pathogen?
any disease causing biological agents
What is predation?
predation is an ecological relationship where one species kills and eats the other. an animal that eats animals, and animals that eat seeds are all predators
What is micropredation?
animals which eat other species but don’t kill them. eg herbivores that eat parts of plants that don’t kill them
What is the difference between microhabitats and microhabitats?
a microhabitat is a place that provides the general needs for a species (such as food, shelter and conditions to reproduce), whereas a microhabitat describes the small scale, immediate environment where a species lives
