classification of schizophrenia Flashcards
what is schizophrenia
- severe mental illness where contact w/ reality is impaired
- characterised by illogical thoughts, delusions or hallucinations
describe the DSM-V diagnosis of schizophrenia
- signs of disturbance must be present for 6 months
- symptoms should impact work or relationships
describe the ICD-11 diagnosis of schizophrenia
- at least 2 symptoms must be present for at least a month
- one core symptom needs to be present
describe positive symptoms
- reflect an excess or distortion of a normal function
- eg : hallucinations
describe negative symptoms
- reflect a reduction/loss of a normal function
- eg: avolitionw
what are some examples of positive symptoms
- disorganized speech
- grossly dissorganized or catatonic behaviour
- hallucinations
- delusions
describe hallucinations as an example of positive symptom
- disturbances in perception
- most common are auditory
–> sometimes hear voices telling them to do harm
describe delusions as an example of positive symptom
- false ilogical beliefs
3 types:
-delusions of persecution
-delusions of grandeur
-delusions of control
describe delusions of persecution as a type of delusion
- believe others want to harm, threaten or manipulate them
- think ppl are out to get them
describe delusions of grandeur as a type of delusion
- believes they are an important individual, even god like
- most common type if thinking they are jesus christ
describe delusions of control as a type of delusion
- believe they are under control of an alien force that has invaded their mind/body
- may be interpreted as presence of spirits
what are some negative symptoms of schizophrenia
- affective flattening
- anhedonia
- alogia
- avolition
describe affective flattening as a type of negative symptom
- reduction of intensity of emotional expression, voice tone, body language
- deficit of prosody
describe Anhedonia as a type of negative symptom
-loss of pleasure in all activities
- physical anhedonia is inability to enjoy physical pleasure such as food and sex
describe Aloga as a type of negative symptom
- speech poverty
- characterised by inability to produce fluent words
- may reflect slowing/blocked thoughts
describe Avolition as a type of negative symptom
- difficulty to start and continue goal directed behaviour
eg: not interested in going out - Andreason identified 3 signs:
1. poor hygine
2. lack of persistence in work
3. lack of energy
what was the procedure of Rosenhan’s ‘sane in insane places’ study
- 8 confeds acted as pseudo patients and went to 12 different hospitals –> were given fake names, jobs and symptoms
- when they arrived, they complained of hearing voices
- once on the ward, ‘patients’ stopped pretending symptoms, behaved normally and wrote observations
- patients were discharged only when staff were convinced they were sane
what were the results of Rosenhan’s ‘sane in insane places’ study
- staff diagnosed 8 pseudo patients with schiz, and 1 with manic depression
- staff never deteced their sanity
- average hospital stay was 19 days
- psychiatric staff cannot always distinguish sanity from insanity
what was the aim of Rosenhan’s ‘sane in insane places’ study
- aimed to test validity of schizophrenia diagnosis using DSM-II classification system
