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MCB 11 - 2nd Lec Exam! > Classification of Microorganisms > Flashcards

Classification of Microorganisms Flashcards

1
Q
  • the science of biological classification
  • describing, identifying, classifying, and naming of organisms
A

taxonomy

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2
Q

grouping organisms into taxa based on mutual similarity or evolutionary relatedness

A

classification

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3
Q

characterization of an isolate to determine what species it is

A

identification

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4
Q

assignment of names to taxonomic groups in agreement with published rules

A

nomenclature

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5
Q
  • study of the diversity of life (both past and present) and the relationships among living things through time
  • uses taxonomy as a means to understand organisms
A

systematics

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6
Q

Species, in ______, is a collection of strains that share stable properties in common and differ significantly from other group of strains

A

prokaryotes

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7
Q

Species, in _____, is a group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves

A

eukaryotes

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8
Q
  • population of organisms that descends from a pure culture isolate or from a species
  • while different _____ may be nearly identical genetically, they can have very different attributes.
A

strains

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9
Q

most famous early taxonomist was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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10
Q
  • most famous early taxonomist
  • was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician
A

Carolus Linnaeus

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11
Q

A book published by Carolus Linnaeus in which he proposed the Linnaean taxonomy

A

Systema Naturae

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12
Q
  • 1st attempt to depict the common evolutionary history of all living cells (1866)
  • Three Kingdom Tree
A

Haeckel Tree

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13
Q

In the Haeckel Tree, unicellular organisms are classified as ________.

A

protista

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14
Q

In the Haeckel Tree, unicellular organisms
whose cells lack nuclei; ancestral to other forms of life are classified as _______.

A

monera

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15
Q

• Five-Kingdom Tree
• Proposed adding another Kingdom (Fungi)
• Prokaryota contained just the Kingdom Monera. Eukaryota contained the other four kingdoms: Fungi, Protista, Plantae, and Animalia

A

Whittaker Tree

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16
Q
  • Five-Kingdom Tree
  • Proposed adding another Kingdom (Fungi)
A

Whittaker Tree

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17
Q
  • _________contained just the Kingdom Monera.
  • _________contained the other four kingdoms: Fungi, Protista, Plantae, and Animalia
A

Prokaryota, Eukaryota

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18
Q
  • Who proposed the 6 kingdoms: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
  • Genetics-based tree of life
A

Carl Woese

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19
Q

______ are significantly different
from other bacteria and eukaryotes
in terms of 16S rRNA gene
sequences.

A

Archaebacteria

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20
Q
  • It was Introduced by Carl Woese in
    1990
  • Divides cellular life forms into Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryote domains.
A

Three Domains of Life

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21
Q
  • Differences in ribosomal RNAs (16S rRNA gene) = _________
A

Synthesize new proteins

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22
Q

A two-word naming system for identifying organisms by genus and species.

A

Binomial nomenclature

23
Q

It can change if the organism is assigned to another genus because of new information

A

Generic name

24
Q

It is stable; the oldest epithet for a particular
organism takes precedence and must be used

A

Specific name

25
Q

It is a provisional taxonomic name appended to candidate taxonomic ranks.

A

Candidatus

26
Q

These books act as standard references for identifying and classifying different prokaryotes

A

Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

27
Q

It is the official publication of record for taxonomy and classification of Bacteria, Archaea, and microbial eukaryotes

A

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

28
Q

Involves the study, not of a single cell, but of a
population of identical cells

A

Characterization and Identification

29
Q

Prerequisite of Characterization and Identification

A

Pure culture

30
Q

Prerequisite of Characterization and Identification

A

Pure culture

31
Q

Reasons for doing characterization

A
  • identification purposes
  • comparison with other organisms
  • exploit characteristics which may be beneficial
32
Q

Major characteristics used in taxonomy

A

Cultural
Morphological
Metabolic
Chemical Composition
Antigenic
Genetic

33
Q

_____ is affected by the nutrients required for growth and the physical conditions of an environment that will favor growth

A

Cultural characteristics

34
Q

Nutritional types, Based on E source:

A

Phototrophs, Chemotrophs

35
Q

Nutritional Types, Based on C source:

A

Autotroph
Heterotroph

36
Q

Nutritional Types, Based on C source:

A

Autotroph
Heterotroph

37
Q

Physical conditions

A

temperature
pH
oxygen

38
Q

Bacteria that lives between-5 and 15C

A

Psychrophile

39
Q

Bacteria that lives between 20 and 30C

A

Psychrotroph

40
Q

Bacteria that lives between 25 and 45C

A

Mesophile

41
Q

Bacteria that lives between 45 and 70C

A

Thermophile

42
Q

Bacteria that lives between 70 and 110C

A

Hyperthermophile

43
Q

pH requirement below 5.5

A

Acidophile

44
Q

pH requirement is 5-8

A

Neutrophile

45
Q

pH requirement above 8.5

A

Alkaliphile

46
Q

Oxygen requirement: completely dependent on O2

A

Obligate aerobes

47
Q

Oxygen requirement: O2 toxic to cells

A

Oxygen requirement: O2 toxic to cells

48
Q

Oxygen requirement: grows with or without O2

A

facultative anaerobes

49
Q

Oxygen requirement: grows equally well with or without O2

A

aerotolerant anaerobes

50
Q

Oxygen requirement: requires O2 at low levels

A

microaerophiles

51
Q

biochemical/ physiological characteristics

A

Metabolic characteristics

52
Q

Color of Gram positive (+)

A

Violet

53
Q

Color of Gram negative (-)

A

Pink

54
Q

is a molecule that binds to a specific antibody, often stimulating a response in the immune system as a result.

A

Antigen

MCB 11 - 2nd Lec Exam! (2 decks)

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