Classification of Microorganisms Flashcards
- the science of biological classification
- describing, identifying, classifying, and naming of organisms
taxonomy
grouping organisms into taxa based on mutual similarity or evolutionary relatedness
classification
characterization of an isolate to determine what species it is
identification
assignment of names to taxonomic groups in agreement with published rules
nomenclature
- study of the diversity of life (both past and present) and the relationships among living things through time
- uses taxonomy as a means to understand organisms
systematics
Species, in ______, is a collection of strains that share stable properties in common and differ significantly from other group of strains
prokaryotes
Species, in _____, is a group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves
eukaryotes
- population of organisms that descends from a pure culture isolate or from a species
- while different _____ may be nearly identical genetically, they can have very different attributes.
strains
most famous early taxonomist was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician
Carolus Linnaeus
- most famous early taxonomist
- was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician
Carolus Linnaeus
A book published by Carolus Linnaeus in which he proposed the Linnaean taxonomy
Systema Naturae
- 1st attempt to depict the common evolutionary history of all living cells (1866)
- Three Kingdom Tree
Haeckel Tree
In the Haeckel Tree, unicellular organisms are classified as ________.
protista
In the Haeckel Tree, unicellular organisms
whose cells lack nuclei; ancestral to other forms of life are classified as _______.
monera
• Five-Kingdom Tree
• Proposed adding another Kingdom (Fungi)
• Prokaryota contained just the Kingdom Monera. Eukaryota contained the other four kingdoms: Fungi, Protista, Plantae, and Animalia
Whittaker Tree
- Five-Kingdom Tree
- Proposed adding another Kingdom (Fungi)
Whittaker Tree
- _________contained just the Kingdom Monera.
- _________contained the other four kingdoms: Fungi, Protista, Plantae, and Animalia
Prokaryota, Eukaryota
- Who proposed the 6 kingdoms: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
- Genetics-based tree of life
Carl Woese
______ are significantly different
from other bacteria and eukaryotes
in terms of 16S rRNA gene
sequences.
Archaebacteria
- It was Introduced by Carl Woese in
1990 - Divides cellular life forms into Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryote domains.
Three Domains of Life
- Differences in ribosomal RNAs (16S rRNA gene) = _________
Synthesize new proteins
A two-word naming system for identifying organisms by genus and species.
Binomial nomenclature
It can change if the organism is assigned to another genus because of new information
Generic name
It is stable; the oldest epithet for a particular
organism takes precedence and must be used
Specific name
