Classification of materials Flashcards
Name all the Classifications of materials?
Metals, woods, polymers, papers/boards, composites, smart materials and modern materials.
What are the 3 types of metals?
Ferrous, Non-ferrous and alloys
Define ferrous? Examples?
A metal containing mostly iron and carbon. Ferrous metals are magnetic and will rust.
Low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, cast iron.
Define Non-ferrous? Examples?
A metal that does not contain iron. Non-ferrous metals are not magnetic and do not rust.
Aluminium, copper, zinc, silver, gold, titanium and tin.
Define Alloy? Examples?
A metal made of two or more metals, or combining two or more elements, one of which must be a metal. Alloys can also be sub classified as ferrous alloys or non-ferrous alloys.
Ferrous alloys: stainless steel, die steel (tool steel)
Non-ferrous alloys: bronze, brass, duralumin, pewter
What are the 3 types of wood?
Hardwood, Softwood, Manufactured board
Define Harwood? Examples?
A wood from broad-leafed (deciduous) trees. These trees are generally slow growing and loss there leaves in autumn.
Oak, ash, mahogany, teak, birch, beech
Define softwood? Examples?
A wood from a coniferous (cone bearing) tree. These trees are generally fast growing and tend to be evergreen.
Pine, spruce, Douglas fir, redwood, cedar, larch
Define manufactured board? Examples?
A man-made wood-based composite material. Manufactured boards are available in much larger sizes than solid wood.
Plywood, marine plywood, aeroply, flexible plywood, chipboard, MDF
What are the 3 types of polymers?
Thermoplastic, Thermosetting polymer, Elastomer
Define thermoplastic? Examples?
A material which can be repeatedly reheated and reshaped, allowing it to be recycled after its initial use. Thermoplastics have long linear chain molecules held by van der Walls forces.
Low/high density polyethylene (LDPE/HDPE), polypropylene (PP), nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene
Define Thermosetting polymer? Examples?
A material which when heated undergoes a chemical change whereby the molecules form rigid cross links. Thermosetting polymers cannot be reheated and reshaped, even at very high temperatures.
Urea formaldehyde (UF), melamine formaldehyde (MF), polyester resin, epoxy resin
Define Elastomer? Examples?
A material which at room temperature can be deformed under pressure and then upon release of pressure, will return to its original shape. Elastomers have weak bonds which allow them to stretch easily. They can be stretched repeatedly and upon release of the stretch, will return with force to the original length.
Natural rubber, polybutadiene, neoprene, silicone
Define Paper and Boards? Examples?
Papers and boards can be described as compliant materials, meaning they can be scored, folded and cut with basic tooling to form items such as nets for packaging.
Layout paper, cartridge paper, tracing paper, bleed proof paper, treated paper, bleached card, corrugated card, duplex card, laminated card
Define Composites? Examples?
A material comprised of two or more different materials, resulting in a material with enhanced properties.
They can be fibre based: carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP), glass fibre reinforced plastic (GRP), fibre concrete
Particle based: tungsten carbide, concrete
Sheet based: aluminium composite board, engineered wood
