Classification of materials Flashcards
3 categories for metal?
ferrous, non ferrous, alloys
What are Alloys?
Mixtures of two or more metals in order to produce a metal with improved properties
Name 4 alloys
-Brass
-Stainless steel
-Bronze
-Pewter
Describe Brass’ charateristics
-malleable
-easy to cast
-good electrical condoctor
-can be polished
$$$
What is Brass used for
-musical instuments
-Plumbing
What are the characteristics of stainless steel
-doesn’t rust
-hard & smooth
-malleable
-easily cleaned
-can be recycled
What is stainless steel used for?
-Cutlery
-medical tools
What are the characteristics of Bronze?
-Tough
-corrosion resistant
-can be cast
What is Bronze used for?
-statues
-coins
What are the characteristics of Pewter?
-malleable
-low melting point
-casts well
What is Pewter used for?
-Jewelry
-Decorative items
What is a pure metal?
a metal on the periodic table
What are non-ferrous metals?
metals that DO NOT CONTAIN IRON so they ARE NOT magnetic and WILL tarnish
Name 6 non-ferrous metals
-Aluminium
-Copper
-Tin
-Titanium
-Gold
-Silver
What are the characteristics of Aluminium?
-Light
-High strength to weight ratio
-ductile
$$$
What is aluminium used for?
-Pots & pans
-Cars
-cans
What are the charateristics of copper
-Ductile
-Malleable
-good conductor
-does tarnish
$$$
What is copper used for?
Plumbing supplies & cables
What are the characteristics of Tin?
-Soft
-Malleable
-good condoctor
-less dense than steel
What is Tin used for?
Used as a protective coating (glavanising)
What are the characteristics of Titanium
-Hard
-Good strength to weight ratio
-High corrosive resistance
What is titanium used for?
-Hip replacements
-golf clubs
-aircrafts
-will not tarnish
What are the characteristics of Gold?
-Malleable
-ductile
-corrosion resistant
What is Gold used for?
-Jewellery
-electronic componets
What are the characteristics of silver?
-Malleable
-ductile
-can be soldered
What is silver used for?
-Jewellery
-cutlery
-plating other metals
what are ferrous metals?
meatls that contain IRON so are MAGNETIC and WILL RUST
Name 4 ferrous metals
-Low carbon steel
-medium carbon steel
-High carbon steel
-Cast Iron
What are the characteristics of Low carbon steel?
-Tough
-ductile
-easily machined and welded
What is Low carbon steel used for?
-Construction
-screws
-cars
What are the characteristics of Medium carbon steel?
-less ductile
-malleable
-tough
What is medium carbon steel used for?
-springs
-gardening tools
What are the characteristics of High carbon steel?
-Hard
-wears well
-Resists abrasion
What can High carbon steel be used for?
-tools
-blades
-drills
-knives
what are the characteristics of cast iron?
-hard and brittle
-easily cast
-hard to machine
What can Cast iron be used for?
-Pots
-pans
-vices
-Pillars in buildings
What are the general performance characteristics of metals
- Good conductors
- Suitable for a range of uses
- Can be joined and shaped using a variety of processes
- Can be recycled
- Biodegradable
- Non-renewable resource
- Takes on a variety of coatings and finishes
What are the stock forms of metals?
-Sheets
-plates
-bars
-tubes
-structural angular shapes
What does the primary processing of metals include?
-Metals being processed from ores in the ground
-Ore put in blast furnace (extraction)
-The metal is then separated from the waste material
What are Manufactured boards?
man-made boards using a mixture of natural timbers and adhesives
Name 5 types of manufactured boards?
-Plywood
-Aeroply
-Flexi-ply
-Chipboard
-MDF
Describe Plywood
-Thin layers of wood placed at 90 degrees from each other and glued
-This prevents warping and helps with strength
What is plywood used for?
-Indoor furniture
-Floorboards
Describe Aeroply
-Plywood made from birch
-thin and lightweight
-easy to bend
What is Aeroply used for?
-Jewellery
-gliders
-furniture
Describe Flexi-ply
-two outer layer of the plywood made from open-grained timber
-allowing it to flex
Describe chipboard (LDF)
- LDF= low density fibre board
-wood chips compressed with resin
What is Felxi-ply used for?
-laminated furniture
-curved panels
What is chipboard used for?
-kitchen units
-shelving
-flat pack furniture
Describe MDF
- MDF= medium density fibreboard
-compressed wood dust fibres with resin
What can MDF be used for?
-model making
-furniture
Advantages of manufactured boards
-comes in sheet form (good for manufacturing)
-guaranteed consistency (no knots/ splits)
-cheaper and more sustainable (recycled timber)
What are HARDWOODS?
-wood from deciduous trees these trees:
-loose their leaves
-stop growing in winter
-produce fruit and flowers in spring
Name 6 hardwoods?
-Oak
-Ash
-Mahogany
-Teak
-Birch
-Beech
Describe oak
-Hard
-Tough
-good weather resistance
-attractive grain
What is oak used for?
-Furnaiture
-Flooring
-Joinery
Describe ash wood
-Tough
-attractive grain
-open grain makes it flexible
What is ash wood used for?
-Ladders
-tools
-laminating
Describe Mahogany
-easily worked
-durable
-high quality finish
what is Mahogany used for?
High end furniture
Describe Teak
-Hard
-Tough
-natural oils resist moisture
What is Teak used for?
-Outdoor furniture
-lab bench
Describe Birch
-Hard
-Closed grained
-resistant to warping
What is Birch used for?
-furniture
-indoor paneling and veneers
Describe Beech
-Fine finish (finishes well)
-tough
-durable
-warps easily
What is beech used for?
-Toys
-furniture
-veneers
What are SOFTWOODS?
-woods from coniferous trees
-Evergreen (grow all year round)
-Thin spike leaves and produce nuts
Name 4 softwoods
-Pine
-Spruce
-Larch
-Cedar
Describe Pine
-Light
-easy to work with
-prone to warping and splitting
-has lots of knots
what is Pine used for?
-Cheap furniture
-Construction
-Decking
Describe Spruce
-Easy to work with
-high stiffness
-can decay quickly
What is spruce used for?
-furniture
-musical instruments
-construction
Describe Larch
-Durable
-Tough
-Good water resistance
-finishes well
What is Larch used for?
-furniture
-flooring
-used outdoors
Describe Cedar
-Acidic nature causes metal corrosion
-low density
-rot + insect resistant
What is Cedar used for?
-Exterior cladding
-sheds
-greenhouses
What are some general characteristics of woods
-Strong in grain direction
-Seasoning woods prevents defects e.g twisting
-Wood dust can be hazardous to humans
-Biodegradable
-recyclable
-can come from sustainable forests
what are the stock forms of Woods
-Sheets
-boards
-dowels
-mouldings
what are the stock forms of Woods
-Sheets
-boards
-dowels
-mouldings
Disadvantages of manufactured boards
-easily peeled off
-not resistant to insects
-difficult to cut
Advantages of natural woods
-suggest quality
-attractive
-some last in wet conditions
-strong and durable
Disadvantage of natural woods
-have knots and splits (inconsistent)
-will rot if not treated
