Classification Of Materials Flashcards
Keyword: Polymer
A long chain of molecules made up of fibre-forming atoms that are linked together
Keyword: Regenerated fibres
A fibre made from natural Cellulose that has been chemically modified
Keyword: natural fibre
A fibre that comes from a natural Celulose (plant) or protein (animal) source
Classifications: Natural fibres types
Natural plant / cellulosic fibres
Natural animal / protein fibres.
Natural fibres: natural plant / cellulosic fibres examples
Cotton, linen, ramie
Natural fibres: natural animal / protein fibres examples
Wool, silk, cashmere, mohair, Angora
Classifications: Manufactured cellulosic regenerated fibres
Regenerated fibres
New generation lyocell fibres.
Manufactured cellulosic regenerated fibres: Regenerated fibres and example
Manufactured from natural Cellulose that has been chemically modified.
Viscose (made from wood pulp), Acetate (made from cotton waste)
Manufactured cellulosic regenerated fibres: New generation lyocell fibres and example
More environmentally friendly as the Cellulose is harvested from sustainably grown trees and some of the fibres are produced using a closed-loop system that reuses the chemicals needed to modify the Cellulose
Modal, lyocell (e.g. Tencel)
Classifications: synthetic fibres
Synthetic fibres are made from synthetic polymers based on oil. They can be placed in groups owing to similarities in their chemical origins and methods of processing
Synthetic fibres: types
Polyamides, Polyesters, Polyacrylic, Elastomeric fibres, Chlorofibres and fluorofibres
Synthetic fibres: polyamides examples
Polyamide (nylon), Tactel ( microfibres), Supplex
Aramid fibres, e.g. Kevlar, Nomex, Cordura, have been developed from polyamide fibres to have high performance technical properties
Synthetic fibres: polyesters examples
Polyester, Trevira (microfibre), Polartec (polar fleece)
Synthetic fibres: polyacrylic example
Acrylic
Synthetic fibres: elastomeric fibres and examples
Made from synthetic polymers with the physical property of elasticity. Only small amounts are needed to give a lot of stretch. The fibres form the core of corespun yarns used to produce stretch yarn and woven stretch fabrics.
Elastane (e.g. Lycra, Spandex)
Synthetic fibres: Chlorofibres and fluorofibres and examples
Man-made synthetic polymers, mostly used as coatings on textiles. Coating involves applying a layer of polymer to the surface of the fabric to make it stain resistant, water repellent and breathable
Chlorofibres: polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Fluorofibres: (PTFE) or brand name Teflon.
Keyword: smart material
A material that is able to react to external stimuli or changes in its environment without human intervention
Classifications: manufactured inorganic fibres and example
Inorgantic fibres: created from natural elements, which after processing at high temperatures are transformed into fibres
Glass, carbon, metallic, ceramic
Keywords: modern material
A material that has been developed through the invention of new or improved processes
Classifications: smart materials and example
Smart materials: materials that react to external stimuli / changes in the environment without human intervention. Once the stimuli / change is removed, the material reverts to its original form.
smart materials: smart material examples
Reactive materials: respond to changes such as loss of heat or levels of air pollution.
Photochromic dyes: respond to changes in UV light
Phase-changing materials: e.g. Outlast, a smart fabric used in performance wear, which has the ability to absorb, store and release body heat to regulate a person’s microclimate
Keyword: nano-fibre
An extremely lightweight strong fibre that is less than 1 micron in diameter
Keyword: microfibre
An extremely fine synthetic fibre
Keyword: microencapsulated fibre
A microfibre that has tiny capsules containing health or cosmetic chemicals embedded into its hollow centre
Classifications: modern materials
Modern materials: new materials that have been developed through the innovation of new or improved processes modern materials are not ‘Smart materials ’ because they do not react to external stimuli / change. They are sometimes referred to as technical textiles
Modern materials: modern materials examples
Microfibres: extremely fine fibres, e.g. Tactel (polyamide origin) and Trevira (polyester origin)
Microencapsulated fibres and fabrics: Micro capsules with beneficial or cosmetic chemicals are embedded in fabrics and are gradually released by rubbing.
Nano-fibres: significantly finer than microfibres. Recent developments include anti-stick / self-cleaning and UV protective properties.
Keyword: Synthetic fibre
A fibre made entirely from synthetic polymers based on petrochemicals
