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Orthodontics > Classification of Malocclusion > Flashcards

Classification of Malocclusion Flashcards

1
Q

What is malocclusion?

A

An appreciable deviation from the ideal occlusion that may be considered aesthetically or functionally unsatisfactory

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2
Q

Name 4 reasons for treating malocclusions

A
  1. Dentofacial aesthetics
  2. Dental health (trauma, OH, periodontal health)
  3. Functional (TMJ, speech, eating)
  4. Facilitate restorative treatment
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3
Q

Describe the prevalence of malocclusion

A
  • 35% normal / 65% a malocclusion
  • Class I Incisors (50%)
  • Class II Div 1 Incisors (35-40%)
  • Class II Div 2 Incisors (10%)
  • Class III Incisors (3-5%)
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4
Q

Describe 3 reasons for orthodontic diagnosis

A
  1. Description of problems
  2. Help with treatment planning
  3. Epidemiology and prioritising treatment needs
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5
Q

Describe 3 features of malocclusion with regards to malposition of individual teeth

A
  1. Crowding
  2. Rotations
  3. Unerupted / absent teeth
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6
Q

Describe 3 features of malocclusion with regards to malrelationship of the arches

A
  1. Anteroposterior
  2. Transverse
  3. Vertical
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7
Q

Describe the extra-oral orthodontic examination

A

View jaw relationship in 3 dimensions: Anteroposterior, transverse and vertical

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8
Q

Describe the intra-oral orthodontic examination

A
  • Intra-arch alignment

- Arch relationships in anteroposterior, vertical and transverse dimensions

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9
Q

Describe an anteroposterior relationship between the arches on an extra-oral examination

A

Is the mandible more or less protrusive than the maxilla?

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10
Q

Describe an vertical relationship between the arches on an extra-oral examination

A

Is the lower part of the face too long or too short?

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11
Q

Describe an transverse relationship between the arches on an extra-oral examination

A

Is the face symmetrical when viewed from the front?

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12
Q

What is an overjet and its normal range?

A
  • Horizontal relationship between the upper incisors and lower incisors (anteroposterior measurement)
  • 2 to 4 mm
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13
Q

What is an overbite and its normal range?

A
  • Overlap of the upper anterior teeth over the lowers in a vertical plane (vertical measurement)
  • 3 to 4 mm
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14
Q

Describe how the degree of crowding can be measured

A

Crowding = Total tooth size - Total arch length

Mild = < 3mm
Moderate = 4-5mm
Severe = > 6mm
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15
Q

When does spacing tend to occur?

A

When teeth are missing

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16
Q

Describe 2 components of what an orthodontic diagnosis usually consists of

A
  1. One or more classifications

2. List of other abnormal features with indication of severity

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17
Q

What is the function of classifying malocclusion?

A

Subdivide malocclusions into distinct groups with similar occlusal and facial features

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18
Q

What are 4 common classifications of malocclusion?

A
  1. Incisor Classification
  2. Skeletal Classification
  3. Angle’s Classification
  4. Indices (IOTN, PAR)
19
Q

Describe common orthodontic classifications with regards to the 3 dimensions used in an examiantion

A
  • All common classifications based on anteroposterior relationship of teeth and skeletal bases
  • Transverse and vertical relationships usually recorded using descriptive methods
20
Q

Describe 4 classifications in Incisor Classification

A

Class I
Class II Div 1
Class II Div 2
Class III

21
Q

Why is the Incisor Classification most often used?

A

It is clinically relevant as most patients are concerned about the relationship between their incisors

22
Q

Describe Class I Incisors

A
  • Lower incisor occludes with or lies directly below upper incisor cingulum
  • One of the goals of orthodontic treatment
23
Q

Describe Class II Div 1 incisors

A
  • Lower incisor edges palatal to cingulum plateau of upper incisors (increased overjet)
  • Upper incisors are proclined or of average inclination
24
Q

Describe Class II Div 2 incisors

A
  • Lower incisor edges are palatal to cingulum plateau of the upper incisors
  • Upper incisors are retroclined (long axis of crown is tipped in palatal direction)
25
Q

Describe Class III incisors

A
  • Lower incisor edges lie anteriorly to cingulum plateau of upper incisors
  • Overjet reduced or reversed
26
Q

Describe 3 categories of Skeletal Classification

A

Class I
Class II
Class III

27
Q

What is the Skeletal Classification based on?

A

Anteroposterior relationship of mandible and maxilla

28
Q

Describe how a Skeletal Classification can be evaluated

A

Either clinically or cephalometrically but usually done clinically as radiation exposure is not normally necessary

29
Q

Describe Skeletal Class I

A
  • ANB 2-4 degrees
  • Balanced facial profile
  • Most common
30
Q

Describe Skeletal Class II

A
  • ANB > 4 degrees
  • Relative mandibular retrusion
  • Result of mandibular deficiency or maxillary excess
31
Q

Describe Skeletal Class III

A
  • ANB <2 degrees
  • Relative mandibular prominence
  • Result of mandibular excess or maxillary deficiency
32
Q

What is a common cause of a small maxilla?

A

Cleft lip and palate

33
Q

What is Angle’s Classification?

A
  • Based on buccal segment relationship
  • Relationship of upper and lower first permanent molars
  • Commonly used in USA but not Europe
34
Q

Describe Angle’s Class I

A

Mesiobuccal cusp of upper first molar occludes with anterior buccal groove of lower first molar

35
Q

Describe Angle’s Class II

A

Lower arch is at least half a cusp’s width posterior to Class I

36
Q

Describe Angle’s Class III

A

The lower arch is at least half a cusps width anterior to Class I

37
Q

Describe how units are counted in dentistry

A

Pre-molar width is one unit and molar width is two units

38
Q

Describe 4 draw backs of Angle’s classification

A
  1. Incisor relationship not considered
  2. Skeletal pattern not considered
  3. First molars may drift or be absent
  4. Dividing line between categories is unclear
39
Q

Describe why an orthodontic summary may be useful

A
  • Record summary in notes which builds up picture of malocclusion and main problems
  • Way of describing patient in logical, sensical, clinical fashion is making referral or describing case
40
Q

Describe 4 components which should be included in an orthodontic diagnosis summary

A
  1. Patient age and gender
  2. Incisor classification
  3. Skeletal relationship
  4. Other features in descending order of importance
41
Q

Name fully 2 main indices of malocclusion used

A
  1. IOTN - Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need

2. PAR - Peer Assessment Rating

42
Q

Name 4 uses of indices of malocclusion

A
  1. Epidemiology
  2. Treatment priority and resource allocation
  3. Audit standard of treatment
  4. Research
43
Q

Describe 3 criteria which an orthodontic index must fulfil

A
  1. Valid - Measure what they are meant to
  2. Reliable - Same result if repeated
  3. Easy to use

Orthodontics (11 decks)

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