Classification Of Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Typical long bones

A

Humerus radius ulna femur tibia and fibula with two secondary epiphyses

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2
Q

Miniature or short long bones

A

Have one epiphysis like metacarpals metatarsals phalanges

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3
Q

Modified long bones

A

Have no medullary cavity like clavicle

Transmits weight from appendicular skeleton to axial skeleton

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4
Q

Short bones

A

Cuboid
Scaphoid
Eg tarsal and carpal bones

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5
Q

Flat bones

A

Shallow plates
Sternum ribs scapula
Bones in vault of skull

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6
Q

Irregular bones

A

Hip bone, bones in the base of the skull eg sphenoid and first and second cervical vertebrae

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7
Q

Pneumatic bones

A
Large spaces lined by epithelium 
Maxilla sphenoid ethmoid
Make the skull light in weight
Help in resonance of voice 
Air conditioning chambers for inspired air
Improves timbre of voice
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8
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Bony nodules embedded in joint capsules or tendons
Have no periosteum, medullary cavity and haversian system and ossify after birth
Related to an articular or non articular surface
Surfaces of contact are covered with hyaline cartilage and lubricated by a synovial membrane
Patella in the tendon of quadriceps femoris
Pisiform in tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

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9
Q

Function of sesamoid bones

A

To resist pressure
To minimise friction
To alter the direction of pull of the muscle
To maintain local circulation, protect the vessels and nerves

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10
Q

Accessory bones

A

Are not always present
Ununited epiphyses from extra centres of ossification
Eg sutural bones of skull
Cervical ribs lumbar ribs

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11
Q

Compact bone is present in the ——- of Long bones

A

Shaft / diaphysis

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12
Q

Wolfs law

A

Bone formation is directly proportional to stress and strain

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13
Q

Cancellous or spongy bone is found in

A

Epiphyses of long bone

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14
Q

Lamellae of compact bone

A

Arranged to form Haversian system

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15
Q

Lamellae of compact bone

A

Arranged to form haversian system

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16
Q

Bone marrow of compact bone

A

Yellow

Stores fat after puberty

17
Q

Bone marrow of cancellous bone

A

Red

Produces RBCs granular WBCs and platelets

18
Q

Periosteum

A

thick fibrous membrane
Outer fibrous layer
Inner cellular layer-osteogenic
Periosteum united to bone by sharpeys fibres- strong over tendons and ligaments

19
Q

According to number of epiphsyis

A

Simple: ends of long bones develop form many epiphyses-these fuse independently eg femur
Compound ends of bones develop from many centres which unite to form a single epiphysis which fuses with the shaft eg humerus

20
Q

Based on function

A
Pressure epiphysis
Atavistic Ephiphysis
Traction ephiphysis
Aberrant epiphysis
Compound epiphysis
21
Q

Pressure epiphysis

A

Articular and takes part in transmission Of weight
Eg head of humerus
Lower end of radius

22
Q

Traction epiphysis

A

Non Articular
Does not take part in transmission of weight
Provides attachent to tendons which exert a traction on the epiphysis
Ossify later than pressure epiphyses
Eg trochanter of femur and tubercles of humerus

23
Q

Atavistic epiphysis

A

Phylogenetically an independent bone
Becomes fused to another bone
Eg coracoid process of scapula
Os trigonum of talus

24
Q

Aberrant epiphysis

A

Not always present

Eg epiphysis at the head of the first metacarpal and the bases of other metacarpal bones

25
Compound epiphysis
2-3 smaller epiphysis join to form a compound epiphysis Joins the shaft Eg epiphysis of head greater and lesser tubercle of humerus join to form a compound epiphysis which joins that shaft
26
Traction epiphysis
Non Articular Does not take part in transmission of weight Provides attachent to tendons which exert a traction on the epiphysis Ossify later than pressure epiphyses Eg trochanter of femur and tubercles of humerus
27
Atavistic epiphysis
Phylogenetically an independent bone Becomes fused to another bone Eg coracoid process of scapula Os trigonum of talus
28
Aberrant epiphysis
Not always present | Eg epiphysis at the head of the first metacarpal and the bases of other metacarpal bones
29
Compound epiphysis
2-3 smaller epiphysis join to form a compound epiphysis Joins the shaft Eg epiphysis of head greater and lesser tubercle of humerus join to form a compound epiphysis which joins that shaft
30
Diaphysis
Elongated shaft of the bone Develops from primary centre of ossification Receives blood supply from nutrient artery
31
Diaphysis
Elongated shaft of the bone Develops from primary centre of ossification Receives blood supply from nutrient artery
32
Metaphysis
Epiphyseal ends of diaphysis are called métaphyses Zone of active growth Before epiphyseal fusion, metaphysis is richly supplied with blood through end arteries forming hair pin bends Common site of osteomyelitis because bacteria/emboli are trapped In hair pin bends causing infarction After epiphysis fusion, vascular communications are established between metaphysical and epiphysial arteries
33
Intracapsular metaphysis
Both ends of humerus
34
Extracapsular Metaphysis
Upper and lower ends of radius and ulna
35
Epiphyseal plate of cartilage
Separates epiphysis from metaphysis Proliferation of cells in cartilaginous plate- lengthwise growth of bone Nourished by epiphysial and metaphysial arteries
36
The nutrient artery enters through the ———- runs through cortex and divides into ascending and descending branches which turn down to form
Nutrient foremen | Hair pin bends