Classification Of Bacteria Flashcards
Define classification:
It is the categorization of organisms into taxonomic groups.
Biochemical, physiologic, genetic, and morphologic properties are often necessary for an adequate description of a taxon.
Define nomenclature:
It refers to the naming of an organism by international rules ( established by a recognized group of medical professionals) according to its characteristics.
Criteria for classification of bacteria:
Growth on media, bacterial Microscopy biochemical tests immunologic tests—-serotype, serogroups and serovars.
Define phylogentic classifications:
They are measures b/w two organisms and imply that they share a common ancestor.
They have essential role in protein synthesis for all organisms:
Ribosomes
Phenotypic techniques depend on various observable properties of bacteria, which inculde:
Biotyping, serotyping, bacteriocin typing and phage typing.
Biotyping:
It relies on a set of biochemical reactions to distinguish different strains within a given species
E.g : antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Serotyping:
Different strains of organisms of the same species can be differentiated based on the difference in the expression of antigenic determinant on the cell surface.
Bacteriocin typing:
This is used in case of bacterial species for which a number of lytic bacteriophages have been identified.
Phage typing:
This has been the mainstay of strain discrimination and is widely used in epidemiological studies.
Genotypic techniques depend on:
Differences related to the genome of bacteria.
Genotyping techniques employed to:
To differentiatestrains of bacteria include
Plasmid profile analysis
And restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal DNA.
There are two different groups of prokaryotic organisms:
Eubacteria and archaebacteria
The eubacteria include:
Gram- Eubacteria
Gram+ Eubacteria
Eubacteria lacking cell walls
Two kinds of names are usually given to bacteria:
Common name and scientific name
The common or casual name for:
A microorganism varies from country to country and is usually known in the local language.
The scientific name:
Is the international name that is accepted throughout the world. By accepted taxonomic.
The order, family, and tribe also the genus name begin with:
Capital letters
Species name (e.g coli) begins with:
Running letter and not capital
Both the genus (e.g Escherichia) and species names are either:
italicized or underlined when written in the text
When bacteria are referred to as a group, their names are :
Neither capitalized nor italicized or umderlined (e.g streptococci).
The scientific name of the bacterium when written for the first time:
Is written in full (e.g Escherichia coli), but later mentioned in an abbreviated form (e.g Escherichia coli).
Define taxonomy
The science of classification
It is the study of classification
Define strain
A group of cells all derived from one cell
Why the rRNA is used for classification?
Bacause it highly conserved and slowly diverged
