Classification & Disagnosis

Question 1

What is schizophrenia?

Answer 1

• long term mental disorder
• a breakdown in relation between thoughts, emotions and behaviour
• leads to faulty thinking, withdrawal from reality and delusions

Question 2

What’s are the 2 diagnostic manuals ?

Answer 2

• DSM-V
• ICD-10

Question 3

What are positive symptoms of Sz

Answer 3

• excess of normal functioning
  E.g. hallucinations, delusions, disorganised speech and behaviour

Question 4

What are negative symptoms of Sz?

Answer 4

• loss of normal functioning
  E.g. speech poverty, avolition and anhedonia

Question 5

What is Avolition?

Answer 5

• reduction in interest

Question 6

What is Anhedonia?

Answer 6

• physical or social loss of pleasure
• takes away enjoyment

Question 7

What is an issue with classification and diagnosis of schizophrenia?

Answer 7

• reliability + cultural bias
• reliability + inter rater
• validity + gender bias

Question 8

What’s reliability + culture bias?

Answer 8

• Copeland
• 134 US psychiatrists V 194 GB psychiatrists given same description of patients
• US= diagnosed 69% with Sz
• GB= diagnosed 2% with Sz
• could mean patients are being misdiagnosed and not being medicated or over diagnosed and being medicated when it’s not needed

Question 9

What’s reliability + inter rater ?

Answer 9

• refers to whether sever practitioners make the same diagnosis of the same patient
• Whaley
• found poor IR reliability with a correlation of 0.11

Question 10

What’s validity + gender bias?

Answer 10

• Loring + Powell
• 290 clinicians were given 2 cases
• asked to diagnose using DSM-V manual
• 56% have a diagnosis when patient was male
  20% when female
• parents tend to be less tolerant of sons with Sz so diagnoses is made earlier

Question 11

Validity issues

Answer 11

• symptom overlap: people may be diagnosed with Sz, when’s it’s actually another disorder E.g. depression
• co-morbidity: The condition of having two or more diseases at the same time.