Classification and Scoring of Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

Danis-Weber Classification (ankle fracture)

A
  • Type A
    • Fracture of the lateral malleolus distal to the syndesmosis. It is below the level of the ankle joint and the tibiofibular syndesmosis intact.
    • Deltoid ligament is intact and medial malleolus often fractured.
  • Type B
    • The fracture of the fibula at the level of the syndesmosis and ankle joint, extending superiorly and laterally up the fibula.
    • The syndesmosis may be intact or only partially torn, but there is no widening of the distal tibiofibular articulation. The medial malleolus may be fractured or there may be a tear in the deltoid ligament.
  • Type C
    • Fracture of the fibula is proximal to the syndesmosis/ankle joint and there is disruption of the syndesmosis. The distal tibiofibular joint is widened. The medial malleolus is fractured or there is a tear in the deltoid ligament.
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2
Q

Salter-Harris Classification (physeal fractures - SALTR)

A
  • Type 1 - Slipped
    • Fracture passes all the way through the growth plate, not involving bone
  • Type 2 - Above
    • Fracture pases across most of the growth plate and up through the metaphysis
  • Type 3 - Lower
    • Fracture plane passes some distance along with the growth plate and down through the epiphysis
  • Type 4 - Through or transverse or together
    • Fracture plane passes directly through the metaphysis, growth plate and down through the epiphysis
  • Type 5 - Ruined or rammed
    • Crushing type injury does not displace growth plate but damages it by direct compression
  • Type 6
    • Injury to the perichondral structures
  • Type 7
    • Isolated injury to the epiphyseal plate
  • Type 8
    • Isolated injury to the mataphysis, with a potential injury to endochondral ossification
  • Type 9
    • Injury to the periosteum that may interefere with membranous growth
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3
Q

Ottowa Ankle Rules

A
  • Ankle X-ray series required if:
    • Bone tenderness at posterior edge or tip of the lateral malleolus (A)
    • Bone tenderness at posterior edge or tip- of the medial malleolus (B)
    • An inability to weight bear both immediately and in the ED for four steps
  • Foot X-ray required if:
    • Bone tenderness at the base of the fifth metatarsal (C)
    • Bone tenderness at the navicular (D)
    • An inability to weight bear both immediately and in the ED for four steps
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