Classification and Scoring of Fractures Flashcards
1
Q
Danis-Weber Classification (ankle fracture)
A
- Type A
- Fracture of the lateral malleolus distal to the syndesmosis. It is below the level of the ankle joint and the tibiofibular syndesmosis intact.
- Deltoid ligament is intact and medial malleolus often fractured.
- Type B
- The fracture of the fibula at the level of the syndesmosis and ankle joint, extending superiorly and laterally up the fibula.
- The syndesmosis may be intact or only partially torn, but there is no widening of the distal tibiofibular articulation. The medial malleolus may be fractured or there may be a tear in the deltoid ligament.
- Type C
- Fracture of the fibula is proximal to the syndesmosis/ankle joint and there is disruption of the syndesmosis. The distal tibiofibular joint is widened. The medial malleolus is fractured or there is a tear in the deltoid ligament.
2
Q
Salter-Harris Classification (physeal fractures - SALTR)
A
- Type 1 - Slipped
- Fracture passes all the way through the growth plate, not involving bone
- Type 2 - Above
- Fracture pases across most of the growth plate and up through the metaphysis
- Type 3 - Lower
- Fracture plane passes some distance along with the growth plate and down through the epiphysis
- Type 4 - Through or transverse or together
- Fracture plane passes directly through the metaphysis, growth plate and down through the epiphysis
- Type 5 - Ruined or rammed
- Crushing type injury does not displace growth plate but damages it by direct compression
- Type 6
- Injury to the perichondral structures
- Type 7
- Isolated injury to the epiphyseal plate
- Type 8
- Isolated injury to the mataphysis, with a potential injury to endochondral ossification
- Type 9
- Injury to the periosteum that may interefere with membranous growth
3
Q
Ottowa Ankle Rules
A
- Ankle X-ray series required if:
- Bone tenderness at posterior edge or tip of the lateral malleolus (A)
- Bone tenderness at posterior edge or tip- of the medial malleolus (B)
- An inability to weight bear both immediately and in the ED for four steps
- Foot X-ray required if:
- Bone tenderness at the base of the fifth metatarsal (C)
- Bone tenderness at the navicular (D)
- An inability to weight bear both immediately and in the ED for four steps