classification and evolution:

Question 1

Describe other types of evidence other than fossils, that support the theory of evolution: ( 6 marks )

Answer 1

• There is molecular evidence as some species have similar DNA structures and proteins.
• They have similarities in base sequences in DNA
• Similarities in order of amino acids and cytochrome c
• Similarities in anatomy and embryology
• These similarities imply that there is a close relationship.

Question 2

State the conclusion that darwin drew from his observations:

Answer 2

• That characteristic is inherited and passed on

Question 3

Linean Classification:

Answer 3

Kingdom
Phylum
Class 
Order
Family 
Genus 
Species

Question 4

Reasons for classifications:

Answer 4

• Identify species
• Predict Characteristics
• Find Evolutionary links

Question 5

Darwins 4 observations:

Answer 5

• Organisms produce more offspring for survival
• There are variations in characteristics
• Characteristics can be passed on from 1 generation to the next
• Individuals that are best adapted survive.

Question 6

Explain how the structure of DNA allows replication:

Answer 6

• Double strands and one can act as a template
• complementary base pairing
• purines only binds to pyrimidines
• hydrogen bonding diff in diff bases (A and T)

Question 7

Suggest why albino frogs were used to produce the nuclei transfer?

Answer 7

• to show that the offspring produces were clones

Question 8

one advantage and one disadvantage of using clones to test a treatment for a disease:

Answer 8

advantage: genetic variation
disadvantage: Uknown health diseases

Question 9

outline two other potential applications of adult cloning:

Answer 9

1. To produce animals that are the best

2. preserve endangered animals

Question 10

state the most likely cause of genetic variation:

Answer 10

mutations

Question 11

Describe how it is useful to use selective breeding to improve the overall disease resistance of a crop such as potatoes in both the long and short term? (7 marks)

Answer 11

• Crossbreed with the disease-resistant variety
• Method to test the offspring for disease variety
• offsprings with resistance/ best offsprings
• continue the process for many generations
• avoid breeding closely related potatoes to preserve genetic diversity

Question 12

state the meaning of the term phylogeny and explain how it is related to classifications:

Answer 12

• this is the evolutionary relationship between organisms and is the study of closeness in relationships.
• This is the basis of classification
• if DNA is very different then the group is not the same