classification and diagnosis of sz Flashcards
define schizophrenia
a psychological condition characterised by a loss of contact with reality
what % of the population does SZ affect?
0.7%
define positive symptoms of SZ
additional experiences beyond those of ordinary existence
define negative symptoms of SZ
loss of usual experiences e.g. clear thinking or normal levels of motivation
define classification
process of organising symptoms into categories of diagnosis
what is the peak incident onset of SZ?
25-30 years
what are the 2 positive symptoms?
hallucinations
- auditory: hearing voices or seeing people
- visual: disturbances of perception
- tactile: hallucinating a smell
delusions
- believing body is under external control
- an external force is broadcasting what your thinking to others
- patient believes they have special powers
- patient believes people want to harm them
what are the 2 negative symptoms?
avolition
- loss of motivation to carry out tasks, lowering activity levels
- inability to carry out goal-driven behaviour
poverty of speech
- individual uses meaningless speech
- can range from not talking, to a reduced quality of speech
- delay in verbal responses
- often repetitive content
who found 3 signs of avolition, and what were they?
andreason
1. poor hygiene
2. lack of persistence in work/edu
3. lack of energy
what are the 2 major systems for diagnosis of mental disorders?
DSM-5
ICD-10
where is the DSM-5 mainly used?
USA
where is the ICD-10 mainly used?
Europe
what are the diagnosis criteria for the DSM-5?
- 2 positive symptoms must be present for diagnosis, or 1 if delusions are bizarre
- must be a continuous sign of disturbance for at least 6 months
- 1 or more major areas of functioning (work) must be marked below the level they were before symptoms
what are the diagnosis criteria for the ICD-10?
- 2 or more negative symptoms are sufficient for diagnosis, or 1 positive symptom
- it recognises a range of subtypes of SZ e.g. paranoid SZ
