Classification and Diagnosis Flashcards
What is schizophrenia?
long term mental disorder
breakdown in relation between thoughts emotion and behaviour
leads to faulty thinking withdrawal from reality and delusions
What are the 2 diagnostic manuals?
• DSM-V - USA psychiatrists
• ICD-10 - any one in the medical profession in rest of world
What are positive symptoms?
excess of functioning
What are examples of positive symptoms?
• hallucinations
• delusions
• disorganised speech/behaviour
What are the types of hallucinations?
auditory
visual
olfactory
tactile
What are negative symptoms?
loss of function
What are examples of negative symptoms?
alogia - speech poverty
avolition - reduction in interest
affective flattening - flattening emotions
anhedonia - lack of social or physical pleasure
What is reliability and culture bias?
- Reliability and culture bias -
COPELAND 134 US psychiatrists v 194 UK psychiatrists given description of patient
69% of US diagnosed schizophrenia
2% UK diagnosed schizophrenia
subcultural bias
british black people more likely to be diagnosed and committed to asylum
What is the reliability and inter rater issue?
refers to whether several practitioners make identical independent diagnosis of the same patient
WHALEY (2001) found poor inter rater reliability of 0.11
What is the validity and gender bias issue?
LORING AND POWELL (1988) 290 male and female clinicians were given identical case vignettes
asked to diagnose using the DSM criterion
56% gave diagnosis when patient was male
20% gave diagnosis when patient was female
parents are less tolerant of sons behaviour so diagnosis is made earlier
What is the issue with validity and symptoms?
• symptom overlap - when symptoms from different disorders are similar
• co-morbidity - having two of more disorders at the same time
