Classification Flashcards
ABIS
Automated Biometric Identification System.
Biometric identification computer system that uses digital imaging technology to obtain, store and analyse biometric data.
Performs one-to-many comparison
Abutment
One ridge meeting another ridge at an angle that cannot be construed to be a bifurcation
Appendage
A non specific attachment to the outer edge of a recurving ridge above the shoulder
Axis
In ABIS - a line drawn perpendicular to the flexion crease of a fingerprint
Bifurcation
Point where one ridge divides into two
Bridge
A short ridge that goes between and connects two ridges.
Carpel delta
Area of palm containing a delta formation near the wrist
Characteristic
Distinctive aspects within friction ridges used for analysis, comparison and identification. AKA features
Core
Central area of the pattern that contains the inner terminus and the innermost recurve
Crossover
Two ridges that cross each other forming an “X” where they meet.
Cuspal patterns
Rare genetic disorder where ridges flow from the base to the tip of the finger and there is no defined pattern formation
Delta
Triangular area of a pattern that contains the outer terminus and type lines
Dissociation
Formation of individual pore elements that fail to merge into continuous friction ridges. Mostly localised in small portions
Distal
The farthest area from the centre or point of attachment
Dot
The impression of the flesh surrounding one pore
Dysplasia
Incomplete development of friction ridges resulting in a patternless surface. The pore elements are not well defined.
Enclosure
The area contained when a ridge divides into two and rejoins to form one ridge again. AKA lake
Flexion crease
Lines in the skin on palms, fingers and soles that aid with grasping and bending. They develop in the womb and provide a quick reference point to begin a comparison
Focal points
A group of specific features used to limit search parameters. May include a delta, core, creases, or flow of ridges. May be used for searching but not necessarily used in arriving at a conclusion during the comparison process.
Funnel
A convergence of ridge flow near the top of the hypothenar towards the centre of the palm. Generally a large number of ridge endings in this area.
Hypothenar
Area of palm below the interdigital and on the ulnar side.
Incipient ridge
A ridge that is not fully formed. Not included in ridge counts and has no pores present.
AKA interpapillary lines, rudimentary ridges or nascent ridges
Interdigital
Area of palm below fingers
Island
A short independent ridge. The length must be at least twice its width
Loop
A loop pattern is when one or more of the ridges entering on either side of the impression recurves and exits, or tends to exit, on the same side from which it entered.
One delta and one core. Ridge counting must be possible.
Matrix
The substance that is deposited or removed by the friction ridge skin when making an impression
Medial
At or near the centre
Open field
Ridge flow without the distinctive appearance of random ridge feature characteristics i.e no ridge endings or bifurcations
Palmer
The friction ridge skin area on the side and underside of the hand
Pattern
Area contained within the continuation of the type lines for non-arch patterns
Pattern vestige
Unpredictable disruption of ridges that do not conform to surrounding ridge formations. Common in thenar near the base of the thumb.
Plain arch
Where the ridges flow from one side of the finger to the other, making no backward turn. No delta present
Primary class
The first class of the Henry Classification System which relates to numerical values assigned to fingers that have whorl patterns
Proximal
Nearest the point of attachment
Radial
Refers to the nearest area to the radius bone
Recurve
A ridge which turns and exits the pattern in the direction from which it entered. It is not spoiled by an appendage, spur or spike. AKA staple
Ridge
A line or the impression of a line of raised skin found on the underside of hands and feet. For ridge counting, the line should be twice the length of its width and the width should be the same strength as surrounding ridges
Ridge counts
The number of ridges that touch or cross a line drawn from the inner terminus to the outer terminus
Ridge ending
The point where a ridge stops and is not attached to another ridge
Ridge tracing
The tracing of a ridge/ridges between the left hand outer terminus and the right hand outer terminus of whorls
Shoulder
The point of a ridge where it starts or ceases to recurve
Spike/spur
A short ridge abutted to or bifurcating from another ridge
Staple
A recurving ridge where its apex is not spoiled by an appendage, spur or spike abutting on its outer edge
Tented arch
One delta. Some of the ridges have a vertical up thrust at or about the centre of the patterns. No unspoiled recurve either side of the delta.
Thenar
Large cushion area of palm located at the base of the thumb
Trifurcation
The point where one ridge divides into three
Twinned loop
Has two separate loops making up the core of the print. Where an S type core is present, a ridge must appear in the core of at least one of the loops created by the S.
Radial or ulnar sloping.
The ridges containing the inner termini have exits either side of the right delta
Type lines
The two innermost ridges that start parallel in the delta area, diverge and surround, or tend to surround, the pattern
Ulnar
Refers to the nearest area to the ulnar bone
White lines
Buckling of the skin, usually caused from aging. Noticeable in medial phalanges as vertical white lines, sometimes seen in distal pattern areas.
