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Fingerprints - Anjali > Classification > Flashcards

Classification Flashcards

1
Q

ABIS

A

Automated Biometric Identification System.
Biometric identification computer system that uses digital imaging technology to obtain, store and analyse biometric data.
Performs one-to-many comparison

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2
Q

Abutment

A

One ridge meeting another ridge at an angle that cannot be construed to be a bifurcation

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3
Q

Appendage

A

A non specific attachment to the outer edge of a recurving ridge above the shoulder

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4
Q

Axis

A

In ABIS - a line drawn perpendicular to the flexion crease of a fingerprint

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5
Q

Bifurcation

A

Point where one ridge divides into two

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6
Q

Bridge

A

A short ridge that goes between and connects two ridges.

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7
Q

Carpel delta

A

Area of palm containing a delta formation near the wrist

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8
Q

Characteristic

A

Distinctive aspects within friction ridges used for analysis, comparison and identification. AKA features

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9
Q

Core

A

Central area of the pattern that contains the inner terminus and the innermost recurve

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10
Q

Crossover

A

Two ridges that cross each other forming an “X” where they meet.

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11
Q

Cuspal patterns

A

Rare genetic disorder where ridges flow from the base to the tip of the finger and there is no defined pattern formation

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12
Q

Delta

A

Triangular area of a pattern that contains the outer terminus and type lines

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13
Q

Dissociation

A

Formation of individual pore elements that fail to merge into continuous friction ridges. Mostly localised in small portions

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14
Q

Distal

A

The farthest area from the centre or point of attachment

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15
Q

Dot

A

The impression of the flesh surrounding one pore

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16
Q

Dysplasia

A

Incomplete development of friction ridges resulting in a patternless surface. The pore elements are not well defined.

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17
Q

Enclosure

A

The area contained when a ridge divides into two and rejoins to form one ridge again. AKA lake

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18
Q

Flexion crease

A

Lines in the skin on palms, fingers and soles that aid with grasping and bending. They develop in the womb and provide a quick reference point to begin a comparison

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19
Q

Focal points

A

A group of specific features used to limit search parameters. May include a delta, core, creases, or flow of ridges. May be used for searching but not necessarily used in arriving at a conclusion during the comparison process.

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20
Q

Funnel

A

A convergence of ridge flow near the top of the hypothenar towards the centre of the palm. Generally a large number of ridge endings in this area.

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21
Q

Hypothenar

A

Area of palm below the interdigital and on the ulnar side.

22
Q

Incipient ridge

A

A ridge that is not fully formed. Not included in ridge counts and has no pores present.
AKA interpapillary lines, rudimentary ridges or nascent ridges

23
Q

Interdigital

A

Area of palm below fingers

24
Q

Island

A

A short independent ridge. The length must be at least twice its width

25
Q

Loop

A

A loop pattern is when one or more of the ridges entering on either side of the impression recurves and exits, or tends to exit, on the same side from which it entered.
One delta and one core. Ridge counting must be possible.

26
Q

Matrix

A

The substance that is deposited or removed by the friction ridge skin when making an impression

27
Q

Medial

A

At or near the centre

28
Q

Open field

A

Ridge flow without the distinctive appearance of random ridge feature characteristics i.e no ridge endings or bifurcations

29
Q

Palmer

A

The friction ridge skin area on the side and underside of the hand

30
Q

Pattern

A

Area contained within the continuation of the type lines for non-arch patterns

31
Q

Pattern vestige

A

Unpredictable disruption of ridges that do not conform to surrounding ridge formations. Common in thenar near the base of the thumb.

32
Q

Plain arch

A

Where the ridges flow from one side of the finger to the other, making no backward turn. No delta present

33
Q

Primary class

A

The first class of the Henry Classification System which relates to numerical values assigned to fingers that have whorl patterns

34
Q

Proximal

A

Nearest the point of attachment

35
Q

Radial

A

Refers to the nearest area to the radius bone

36
Q

Recurve

A

A ridge which turns and exits the pattern in the direction from which it entered. It is not spoiled by an appendage, spur or spike. AKA staple

37
Q

Ridge

A

A line or the impression of a line of raised skin found on the underside of hands and feet. For ridge counting, the line should be twice the length of its width and the width should be the same strength as surrounding ridges

38
Q

Ridge counts

A

The number of ridges that touch or cross a line drawn from the inner terminus to the outer terminus

39
Q

Ridge ending

A

The point where a ridge stops and is not attached to another ridge

40
Q

Ridge tracing

A

The tracing of a ridge/ridges between the left hand outer terminus and the right hand outer terminus of whorls

41
Q

Shoulder

A

The point of a ridge where it starts or ceases to recurve

42
Q

Spike/spur

A

A short ridge abutted to or bifurcating from another ridge

43
Q

Staple

A

A recurving ridge where its apex is not spoiled by an appendage, spur or spike abutting on its outer edge

44
Q

Tented arch

A

One delta. Some of the ridges have a vertical up thrust at or about the centre of the patterns. No unspoiled recurve either side of the delta.

45
Q

Thenar

A

Large cushion area of palm located at the base of the thumb

46
Q

Trifurcation

A

The point where one ridge divides into three

47
Q

Twinned loop

A

Has two separate loops making up the core of the print. Where an S type core is present, a ridge must appear in the core of at least one of the loops created by the S.
Radial or ulnar sloping.
The ridges containing the inner termini have exits either side of the right delta

48
Q

Type lines

A

The two innermost ridges that start parallel in the delta area, diverge and surround, or tend to surround, the pattern

49
Q

Ulnar

A

Refers to the nearest area to the ulnar bone

50
Q

White lines

A

Buckling of the skin, usually caused from aging. Noticeable in medial phalanges as vertical white lines, sometimes seen in distal pattern areas.

Fingerprints - Anjali (2 decks)

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