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Biology > Classification > Flashcards

Classification Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Classification is traditionally based on

A

Morphology (form and shape of the body) and Anatomy (detailed body structure, which could be determined by dissection)

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2
Q

What are used as more accurate means of classification

A

The sequences of bases in DNA and the sequences of proteins in Amino Acids

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3
Q

Organisms that are more closely related have ______ base sequences of DNA as compared to distantly related organisms

A

more similar

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4
Q

Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell

A

Prokaryotic cell -

  1. Has no true nucleus
  2. Genetic material usually consists of a single circular DNA which isn’t enclosed in a nucleus
  3. Has no membrane-bound organelles
  4. Has cell walls that are not made of cellulose
  5. Doesn’t have mitochondria

Eukaryotic cell -

  1. Has true nucleus,
  2. Nucleus encloses chromosomes made up of DNA,
  3. Has membrane-bound organelles,
  4. May or may not contain cell wall
  5. May contain mitochondria
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5
Q

a

A

b

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6
Q

What are viruses made up of?

A

Genetic material (RNA or DNA) surrounded by a protein coat

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7
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A
  1. Virus attaches to host cell
  2. Virus takes over host cell’s machinery
  3. Copies of virus made using host cell’s organelles
  4. New viruses burst out of host cell
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8
Q

Characteristics of Protoctists

A
  1. Most are unicellular, however some protoctists, such as seaweed are multi-cellular.
  2. Has a nucleus
  3. Some protoctists have plant-like cells, such as chloroplasts and cell walls.
  4. Other protoctists have animal-like cells.
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9
Q

Characteristics of Fungi

A
  1. Body made up of filaments called hyphae
  2. Nuclei is present
  3. Cell wall is not made of cellulose
  4. Saprophytes or parasites
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10
Q

Main difference between invertebrates and vertebrates

A

Invertebrates are animals without backbones and vertebrates are animals with backbones

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11
Q

Characteristics of invertebrates

A
  1. Jointed legs
  2. Body covered by exoskeleton which is made of chitin
  3. Segmented body
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12
Q

Insects -

  1. Body divisions
  2. Pairs of jointed legs
  3. Antennae
  4. Pairs of wings
  5. Breathing
  6. Examples
A
  1. Head, thorax and abdomen
  2. 3 pairs
  3. 1 pair
  4. 2 pairs of wings
  5. Breathing holes called spiracles connected to trachea
  6. Mosquitos, flies
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13
Q

Arachnids -

  1. Body divisions
  2. Pairs of jointed legs
  3. Antennae
  4. Pairs of wings
  5. Breathing
  6. Examples
A
  1. Cephalothorax and abdomen
  2. 4 pairs
  3. No antennae
  4. No wings
  5. Gills called book lungs
  6. Spiders, scorpions
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14
Q

Crustaceans -

  1. Body divisions
  2. Pairs of jointed legs
  3. Antennae
  4. Pairs of wings
  5. Breathing
  6. Examples
A
  1. Cephalothorax and abdomen
  2. 5 or more pairs
  3. 2 pairs
  4. No wings
  5. Gills
  6. Crabs, lobsters
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15
Q

Other name for invertebrates

A

Phylum arthropoda

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16
Q

Myriapods -

  1. Body divisions
  2. Pairs of jointed legs
  3. Antennae
  4. Pairs of wings
  5. Breathing
  6. Examples
A
  1. Body divided into head and many segments
  2. Many pairs of legs
  3. 1 pair
  4. No wings
  5. Breathing holes called spiracles connected to trachea
  6. Centipedes, millipedes
17
Q

Other name for vertebrates

A

Phylum cordata

18
Q

Fish -

  1. Body covering
  2. Movement
  3. Reproduction
  4. Sense organs
  5. Other details
  6. Examples
A
  1. Scales
  2. Fins
  3. Jelly covered eggs in water
  4. Eyes, Lateral line - sensory cells detect vibrations in water, No ears
  5. Ectotherms, gills for breathing
  6. Goldfish, salmon
19
Q

Amphibians -

  1. Body covering
  2. Movement
  3. Reproduction
  4. Sense organs
  5. Other details
  6. Examples
A
  1. Moist skin
  2. 4 limbs - back limbs often with webbed feet
  3. Jelly covered eggs in water
  4. Eyes and ears
  5. Ectotherms, lungs and skin for breathing
  6. Frogs, toads
20
Q

Reptiles -

  1. Body covering
  2. Movement
  3. Reproduction
  4. Sense organs
  5. Other details
  6. Examples
A
  1. Dry, leathery scales
  2. 4 limbs (absent in snakes)
  3. Eggs with leathery, waterproof shell on land
    4, Eyes and ears
  4. Ectotherms, lungs for breathing
  5. Lizards, turtles
21
Q

Birds -

  1. Body covering
  2. Movement
  3. Reproduction
  4. Sense organs
  5. Other details
  6. Examples
A
  1. Feathers and scales on legs
  2. Wings and 2 legs
  3. Eggs with hard shells
  4. Eyes and ears
  5. Endotherms, beaks, lungs for breathing
  6. Parrots, vultures
22
Q

Mammals -

  1. Body covering
  2. Movement
  3. Reproduction
  4. Sense organs
  5. Other details
  6. Examples
A
  1. Fur/hair
  2. 4 limbs
  3. Live young
  4. Eyes and ears (with pinnae)
  5. Endotherms, mammary glands, lungs for breathing
  6. Humans, lions
23
Q

Characteristics of a plant

A
  1. Multicellular bodies
  2. Cells include nucleus, cell walls made of cellulose and chloroplasts
  3. Autotrophs that carry out photosynthesis
24
Q

Characteristics of a fern

A
  1. Plants with roots, stems and leaves
  2. Leaves are called fronds
  3. Reproduce via spores
  4. Do not produce flowers
25
Q

Characteristics of flowering plants

A
  1. Plants with roots, stem and leaves
  2. Reproduce sexually by means of flower and seeds
  3. Seeds are produced inside the ovary, in the flower
26
Q

Characteristics of a monocot

A
  1. Fibrous root system
  2. Narrow leaves with parallel veins
  3. Flower parts in 3s (3 petals, 3 sepals, etc)
  4. One cotyledon
27
Q

Characteristics of a dicot

A
  1. Tap root system
  2. Broad leaves with branched veins forming a network
  3. Flower parts in 4s or 5s (4 or 5 petals, 4 or 5 sepals, etc)
  4. Two cotyledons

Biology (9 decks)

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