Classification Flashcards
Name the three domains
Archaea, eubacteria, eukaryota
Example of eubacteria
E.coli, photosynthetic cyanobacteria
Example of archaea
Thermophiles, halophiles
Examples of eukaryotes
Animals, plants, fungi
What is a taxon?
A group of organisms, such as a species or genus.
What do natural classifications allow for?
The prediction of characteristic shared by species within a group. Help in identification of species also.
What is the hierarchy of taxa?
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
What phyla are humans in?
Chordata
What are the 4 main phyla of plants?
Bryophytes (mosses), Filicinophytes (ferns), Coniferophytes (conifers), Angiospermophytes (flowering plants)
Define Bryophytes (plant phylum)
MOSSES
Roots, stems and leaves:
Structures similar to root hairs called rhizoids but no roots. Mosses have simple leaves and stems; liverworts have a flattened thallus. No vascular tissue.
Reproductive structures:
Spores are produced in a capsule. The capsule develops at the end of a stalk.
Define Filicinophytes (plant phylum)
FERNS
Roots, stems and leaves:
Roots, leaves and short non-woody stems. Leaves curled up in a bud and often divided into pairs of leaflets (pinnate). Vascular tissue is present.
Reproductive structures:
Spores are produced in sporangia, usually on the underside of leaves.
Coniferophytes (plant phylum)
CONIFERS
Roots, stems and leaves:
Shrubs or trees with roots, leaves and woody stems. Leaves often narrow with thick waxy cuticle. Vascular tissue is present.
Reproductive structures:
Seeds, which develop from ovules on the surface of scales of female cones. Male cones produce pollen.
Angiospermophytes (plant phylum)
FLOWERING PLANTS
Roots, stems and leaves:
Very variable, but usually have roots, leaves and stems. Stems of shrubs and trees are woody. Vascular tissue is present.
Reproductive structures:
Seeds, which develop into ovules inside ovaries in flowers. Fruits develop from the ovaries, to disperse the seeds.
Platyhelminths (animal phylum)
- bilaterally symmetric
- flat bodies
- unsegmented
- mouth but no anus
e.g. tapeworm, flatworm
Mollusca (animal phylum)
- muscular foot and mantle
- shell usually present
- segmentation not visible
- mouth and anus
e.g. slugs, snails, giant squid, octopus
