Classification

Question 1

Classification:

Answer 1

involves putting organisms into groups depending on their structure and characteristics

Question 2

What have traditionally living things been classified into and by who?

Answer 2

traditionally living things have been classified into groups depending on their structure and characteristics in a system developed by Carl Linnaeus - called the Linnaean system

Question 3

How did Linnaeus classify living things?

Answer 3

kingdom → phylum → class → order → family → genus → species

Question 4

How are organisms named?

Answer 4

organisms are names by the binomial of genus and species
the first part is their genus and the second part is their species - used worldwide + overcomes language barriers

Question 5

Why did new classification systems develop?

Answer 5

due to developments in science e.g. improvements in microscopes + understanding of biochemical processes progressed (found that some species were more distantly related than first thought
this led to evidence of internal structures becoming more developed
so new models of classification were proposed

Question 6

Why did the ‘three domain system’ develop?

Answer 6

due to evidence available from chemical analysis

Question 7

Who developed the ‘three domain system’?

Answer 7

Carl Woese

Question 8

How are organisms divided/classified in the ‘three domain system’?

Answer 8

archaea - primitive bacteria usually living in extreme environments e.g. hot springs
bacteria - true bacteria (despite having similar features to archaea
eukaryota - organisms which have a nucleus enclosed in membranes, which includes the kingdoms, protists, fungi, plants and animals

Question 9

Evolutionary trees:

Answer 9

a method used by scientists to show how they believe organisms are related
use current classification data for living organisms and fossil data for extinct organisms