classification Flashcards
Prokaryotes age and abundancy
are the earth’s oldest organisms, and also the most abundant ones.
Bacteria
are prokaryotes.
prokaryotes metabolic diversity
the most metabolically diverse of all living organisms.
two kingdoms under prokaryotes
eubateria and archeabacteria
Eubacteria have protection
cell walls made of peptidoglycan, archaebacteria do not.
acheabacteria membrane
have plasma membranes c ontain lipids not found in any other living thing.
what do genes in eukaryotes and archeabacteria have that eubacteria dont
The genes of both eukaryotes and archaebacteria contain introns, but the genes of eubacteria do not.
which kingdom has the extremophiles
archeabacteria-methanogens, halophiles or thermophiles.
Origin of Eukaryotes time
1.5 billion years ago
endosymbiosis theory
proposes that mitochondria are the descendents of symbiotic, aerobic eubacteria that entered larger cells and then stayed there as symbionts
bas ically, mitochondria and chloroplasts came from: one cell engulfing another bot not digesting it.
endosymbiosis proof
M&C own ribosome
M&C can reproduce independent of host
M&C double membrane
M&C have own genetic info
which domain has multicellular organisms
True multicellularity only occurs in eukaryotes.
who made binomial nomenclature
linneaus
Characteristics of archaebacteria
All are unicellular prokaryotes.
Cell walls lack peptinoglycan.
Genes have introns.
Their plasma membranes contain lipids that are not found in any other living things.
They may be either autotrophic or heterotrophic.
They may be the ancestors of eukaryotic cells.
Living archaebacteria are divided into three groups that live in extreme environments: halophiles, thermophiles and acidophiles.
Characteristics of eubacteria
All are unicellular prokaryotes.
Cell walls contain peptinoglycan.
Genes lack introns.
All reproduce asexually by binary fission.
They may be either autotrophic or heterotrophic. Some are photosynthetic.
Extremely diversified groups
Certain types may be ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Characteristics of protists
All are eukaryotic.
Most are unicellular, but some are multicellular.
Protists can be autotrophic, heterotrophic, or both at the same time.
All reproduce asexually, but some can also reproduce sexually.
Characteristics of fungi
All are eukaryotic.
Most are multicellular, but some are unicellular.
Cell walls are made of chitin, not cellulose.
Fungi have filamentous bodies called hyphae.
They are all heterotrophs with external digestion of food. They serve as primary decomposers.
Fungi reproduce either sexually or asexually.
cell wall of fungi
chitin
cell wall of eubacteria
have peptinoglycan
cell wall of archeabacteria
lack peptinoglycan
Characteristics of plants:
All plants are eukaryotic.
All plants are multicellular.
All plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose.
Most consist of two basic parts: roots and shoots.
Most plants are terrestrial and photosynthetic autotrophs.
Plants have evolved highly specialized structures for reproduction and survival on land.
Plants reproduce sexually, although some can also reproduce asexually.
cell wall plantae
cellulose
Characteristics of animals
All animals are eukaryotes.
All are multicellular with cells that lack cell walls.
Most reproduce sexually.
All are heterotrophs with internal digestion of food.
Animals have specialized tissues for movement and reaction to stimuli.
Animals inhabit nearly every kind of environment in the biosphere.
