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Engineering Materials > Classification > Flashcards

Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different classifications of materials?

A

Metals
Ceramics
Polymers
Composite

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2
Q

What are the main classes of materials used in chemical engineering?

A

Metals and polymers (plastics)

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3
Q

Why are composites not commonly used in engineering?

A

£xpensive

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4
Q

List six considerations when choosing a material suitable for pipes, tanks and reactors.

A

Wear (flowing environments)
Corrosion (reactive environment)
Large temperature and pressure ranges
Extreme environments
Long service life
Safety

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5
Q

What are the different types of metals?

A

Base
Alloy
Precious
Noble
Ferrous

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6
Q

What is a base metal?

A

Common, cheap metal which oxides and corrodes easily (eg. brass, aluminium, steel, copper).

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7
Q

What is a precious metal?

A

Rare naturally occurring metals.

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8
Q

What is an alloy?

A

Mixture of two or more elements

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9
Q

What is a ferrous metal?

A

Metal containing iron

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10
Q

What is a noble metal?

A

Metals resistant to corrosion or oxidation (eg. platinum, palladium, rhodium) .

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11
Q

Name three common alloys?

A

Steel
Stainless steel
Brass

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12
Q

Give two properties of steel.

A

High yield strength
High tensile strength

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13
Q

Give two properties of stainless steel.

A

Rust and corrosion resistant
High tensile strength

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14
Q

Give two properties of brass.

A

Malleable
Corrosion resistant

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15
Q

How do you produce materials from ore?

A

Mined

Crushed and screened

Blast furnace (reduces carbon to increase stiffness)

Electric furnace (adds elements)

Argon Oxygen Decarb

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16
Q

List six characteristics of metals.

A

High stiffness (YM).
Ductile (can be deformed).
Stronger by alloying, mechanical and heat treatment.
Good electrical and thermal conductors.

Reactive and corrode rapidly.
Pure metals are soft and easily deformed.

17
Q

List six benefits for metal pipes.

A

High strength (good for heavy or pressurised materials)
Non porous (can contain fluids)
Easy to process into shape
Available worldwide
High thermal conductivity
Recyclable

18
Q

List three drawbacks for metal pipes.

A

Prone to corrosion (particles wear away metal).

High thermal conductivity (Not good for transporting hot fluids as heat will be lost in piping).

Cheaper alternatives.

19
Q

Name four types of plastic.

A

Thermoplastics
Thermosets
Elastomers
Copolymer

20
Q

Draw a diagram of a thermoplastic and state what it is.

A

A plastic which becomes mouldable above a specific temperature and returns to a solid state upon cooling.

Chemical structure does not change.

21
Q

Draw a diagram of a thermoset and state what it is.

A

Strong plastic that cannot be remelted, suitable for high temperature applications.

22
Q

What is the key difference between a thermoplastic and thermoset?

A

Thermoplastics can be reheated and shaped whereas thermosets undergo irreversible structure changes after heating.

23
Q

What is an elastomer?

A

Plastic with low YM and high failure strain.
Withstands large mechanical stress and deformation. Returns to original state. (e.g rubber band).

24
Q

What is a co-polymer?

A

Plastic made of different monomers to change material properties (e.g. tyres).

25
Q

What are the key stages of polymer production?

A

Natural resource (eg. crude oil, coal and natural gas)

Distillation

Cracking

Polymerisation

26
Q

List ten key characteristics of plastics.

A

Ductile
Corrosion resistant
Low density
Good electrical insulation (although conductive polymers available now)
Cheaper than metal
Low stiffness
Low yield strength
Low glass transition temp
Low toughness
Low thermal conductivity

27
Q

What type of polymers are used for storage tanks?

A

Glass reinforced plastics
Thermoplastic
Polyethylene

28
Q

List five properties of a stiff ceramic.

A

Hard
Abrasion resistant
Strong at high temperatures
Corrosion resistant
Brittle

29
Q

List five properties of ceramic glass.

A

Hard
Corrosion resistant
Electrically insulating
Transparent
Brittle

30
Q

What are composites?

A

Material mixtures consisting of a reinforcing material and a matrix base to hold materials together.

31
Q

Name three composite bases.

A

Polymer matrix composite (PMC)
Ceramic matrix composite (CMC)
Metal matrix composite (MMC)

32
Q

How do you alter the modulus of composites?

A

Combine stiff fibers with less stiff fibers.

33
Q

List four structures of composites.

A

Unidirectional
Laminates
Chopped Fiber
Particulate

Engineering Materials (8 decks)

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