Classification Flashcards
What do gram positive cocci tend to be?
Gram-positive cocci = staphylococci + streptococci (including enterococci)
What do gram negative cocci tend to be?
Gram-negative cocci = Neisseria meningitidis + Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also Moraxella catarrhalis
What are gram positive rods?
Actinomyces
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
Clostridium
Diphtheria: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Listeria monocytogenes
ABCD L
How are streptococci classified?
By Haemolysis
Alpha haemolytic (Complete)
-Strep pneumonia
Beta haemolytic (partial)
- Group A: Streptococcus progenies
- Group B: Streptococcus agalactiae
- Group D: Enterococcus
What causes anthrax, and what is it stain?
Bacillus anthracis, a Gram positive rod
What toxin does anthrax produce?
Tripartite toxin
How is anthrax treated?
ciprofloxacin
Clinical features of anthrax?
causes painless black eschar (cutaneous ‘malignant pustule’, but no pus)
typically painless and non-tender
may cause marked oedema
anthrax can cause gastrointestinal bleeding
What is a coagulase positive and a coagulase negative staph?
Staph aureus - coagulase positive
* most common pneumonia
Staph saprophytic - coagulase negative
*Common urinary tract infection
What type of bacteria is E-coli ?
Facultative anaerobic, lactose-fermenting, Gram negative rod
What is the gram stain of listeria?
Gram positive bacillus
What does CSF of listeria show?
Pleocytosis
What is the classification of clostridium difficult?
Gram positive bacillus
What bacteria cause exacerbations of COPD?
Pneumococcus
Haemophilus influenza
Meningococcus
How is MRSA tested?
nasal swab and skin lesions or wounds
the swab should be wiped around the inside rim of a patient’s nose for 5 seconds
the microbiology form must be labelled ‘MRSA screen’
What antibiotics contribute to MRSA?
Quinolones: Ciprofloxacin
What antibiotics can be used to treat MRSA?
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Linezolid
