Classical & Quantum Waves Flashcards
When is object distance (s) +ve?
When it is on the same side as the rays towards the element
When is object distance (s) -ve
When it is on the opposite side of the rays towards the element
When is image distance (s’) +ve?
When it is on the same side as the rays away from the element
When is image distance (s’) -ve?
When it is on the opposite side of the rays away from the element
When is the height of the object (y) and/or height of the image (y’) +ve?
When it is above the optical axis
When is the height of the object (y) and/or height of the image (y’) -ve?
When it is below the optical axis
When is the radius of curvature (R) +ve?
When the centre is on the same side as the reflected light
When is the radius of curvature (R) -ve?
When the centre is on the opposite side of the reflected light
When is focal length (f) +ve?
When the focal point is on the same side as the reflected/refracted light
When is focal length (f) -ve?
When the focal point is on the opposite side of the reflected/refracted light
What is the object-image relationship for a spherical mirror?
1/s + 1/s’ = 2/R
Where s is the object distance, s’ is the image distance and R is the radius
What is the difference between a ‘real’ and a ‘virtual’ image?
A real image has rays passing through it and a virtual image does not
What is the equation that relates alpha, beta and phi angles for a reflection taking place on a curved surface
α + β = 2φ
For a plane mirror, what is the lateral magnification and why?
Lateral magnification = 1 because y=y’ and s=-s’
(Object and image height are equal and object distance is the same as the negative image distance)
Magnification= y’/y = -s’/s
What assumptions can be made for a spherical mirror?
Assume small angles so tanx ≈ x
Therefore:
δ«<s,s’,R where δ is the horizontal distance along the optic axis from the point of reflection to the vertex
What are the 4 rays from an object to draw in a full ray diagram for a curved mirror?
1) Ray parallel to the optic axis reflected through the focal point
2) Ray passing through focal point is reflected parallel to optic axis
3) Ray passing through centre of curvature gets reflected directly back to object
4) Ray reflected directly at vertex is reflected like a plane mirror
What is the magnification equation?
Magnification = y’/y = -s’/s
For a thin lens, what is the relationship between the object distance, image distance and focal length?
1/s + 1/s’ = 1/f
What is the lensmaker’s equation?
1/f = (n-1)(1/R1 - 1/R2)
For multiple lenses, what happens to the image produced from element 1?
It becomes the object for element 2
