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Rapid Review > Classical Presentations > Flashcards

Classical Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

+ anterior drawer sign

A

ACL injury (anterior cruciate ligament)

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2
Q

Back pain, fever, night sweats

A

Potts disease (TB to the vertebrae)

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3
Q

Bilateral acoustic schwannomas

A

NF2 (usually CN VII)

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4
Q

bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis (non caseating granulomas)

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5
Q

Blue sclera

A

osteogenesis imperfecta (COL1A1 alpha and COL1A2mutations ) type 1 collagen

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6
Q

butterfly rash, raynaud phenomenon in young female

A

SLE

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7
Q

Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body

A

fifth disease, slapped cheeks, parvovirus B19

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8
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntington disease (autsomal dominant, CAG repeats, anticipation)

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9
Q

cold intolerance

A

hypothyroidism

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10
Q

conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

MLF syndrome, INO

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11
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism, or malnutrition

A

Vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine)

wet beriberi

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12
Q

dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

sjogren’s syndrome with sicca syndrome, exocrine glands destruction, autoimmune)

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13
Q

elastic skin, hypermobility of joints, increased bleeding

A

Ehler’s danlos syndrome, type V collagen defect, type III collagen defect seen in vascular subtype of ED

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14
Q

fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma

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15
Q

gout, intellectual disability, self mutilating behavior in a boy

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)

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16
Q

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present

A

UMN damage

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17
Q

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

A

LMN damage

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18
Q

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

Nonpainful: chancre (1° syphilis, Treponema pallidum)

Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)

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19
Q

hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

A

blue bloater - chronic bronchitis, hyperplasia of mucous cells

20
Q

Large rash with bull’s eye appearance

A

Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)

21
Q

Lucid interval after TBI

A

epidural hematoma (Middle meningeal artery)

22
Q

Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5–C6] brachial plexus injury: “waiter’s tip”)

23
Q

Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral INO (SI(i)N)

A

Multiple sclerosis

24
Q

Painful fingers/toes changing color from blue to white to red with cold or stress

A

Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)

25
Q

Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria

A

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys

26
Q

Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation

A

Pink puffer” (emphysema: centriacinar [smoking], panacinar [α1-antitrypsin deficiency])

27
Q

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

A

Horner syndrome

28
Q

Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P’s)

A

lichen planus

29
Q

Rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends following GI/URI

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy subtype)

30
Q

Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

31
Q

Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffling gait

A

Parkinson disease (loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta)

32
Q

Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ

A

Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)

33
Q

Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness

A

McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)

34
Q

Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility

A

Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)

35
Q

“Strawberry tongue”

A

Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease

36
Q

Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi

A

Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)

37
Q

Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

A

Babinski sign (UMN lesion)

38
Q

Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae

A

Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)

39
Q

Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead

A

LMN facial nerve (CN VII) palsy; Bell’s palsy, UMN lesions spare the forehead

40
Q

Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male (can’t pee, can’t see, can’t climb a tree”

A

Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27

41
Q

“Worst headache of my life”

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

42
Q

Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) of the face

A

Nevus flammeus (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)

43
Q

Daily, productive cough for at least 3 months a year for 2 consecutive years

A

Chronic Bronchitis: daily cough with sputum for at least 3 months per year for 2 consecutive years

  • mucous gland hyperplasia, mucus over secretion
  • found in smokers mostly
  • inflammation and mucous can clog airways - increase resistance - obstructive disease
44
Q

Rare, fatal side effects of antipsychotics?

A 
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: FEVER symptoms
Fever
Encephalopathy
Vitals unstable
Elevated enzymes (CPR, WBC)
Rigidity of muscles
Gradual onset
45
Q

Patient taking Prozac and is added on another medication for panic disorders. She develops muscle stiffness, altered mental status, ANS instability, and hyperthemia. What med was she given?

A

SSRI -Prozac (fluoxetine) + MAOIs (e.g. phenelzine, selegine) and develops serotonin syndrome. Medical emergency

46
Q

Patient taking medications for atypical depression when she goes for a BBQ party with red wine, cheeses, and meats. She suddenly develops chest pain, headaches, and confusion. What happened?

A

Patient is taking MAOIs which inhibit degradation of tyramine found in wines, cheese, and smoked meats. Tyramine accumulates in GI and leads to release of NE, E from nervous tissue –> hypertensive crisis

47
Q

Intermittent wheezing, facial flushing, and diarrhea

A
  • carcinoid syndrome – secretion of vasoactive amines, serotonin – metabolized into 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the urine.
  • neuroendocrine tumors– arise in the GI system – substances escape escaped hepatic degradation – metastasis

Rapid Review (3 decks)

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