CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHIES Flashcards
it is more concerned with evaluating the moral integrity and character of the person.
Virtue ethics
may be loosely defined as the set of beliefs, assumptions, and analyses of experience, together with the intellectual edifice erected upon them, worked out by Ancient Greek philosophers, especially Aristotle, and further developed by Medieval and post-Medieval thinkers
◆Classical philosophy
The Father of Ethics and Inquiry (The Greatest Greek Philosophers)
Socrates
He beleived thatmission from the god was to examine his fellow citizens and persuade them that the most important good for a human being was. the health of the soul. Wealth, he insisted, does not bring about human excellence or virtue, but virtue makes wealth and everything else good for human beings
Socrates
◆ Four Reasons Why Plato Matters (for a more fulfilled life…)
Think More. We rarely give ourselves time to think carefully and logically about our lives and how to lead them….
Let Your Lover Change You. That sounds weird if you think that love means finding someone who wants you just the way you are.
Decode the Message of Beauty…
Reform Society.
Plato- The Power to Rule
Musonius Rufus was known as the Socrates of Rome. He was another Stoic, who taught that philosophy cannot just be theoretical. If you want to be an ethical individual or an ethical company, you can’t just study ethics, you must practice it, every day, to get into good habits. The ancient Greek word for ethics is the same word for habit. (The Guardian, 2020)
Rufus, on keeping track of one’s ethical progress
P_____, the ancient Greek historian and educator, understood that humans are incredibly social creatures, who constantly observe the people around them and imitate them. (The Guardian, 2020)
Plutarch, on being a good role model
was a great biologist as well as a great philosopher. He based his ethics on a psychological theory of human nature, insisting that we are naturally virtuous, rational, social and happiness-seeking. Governments and organizations need to build the best systems to let humans fulfill their natural drives. Aristotle’s philosophy was an influence on Edward Deci and Richard Ryan’s SelfDetermination Theory, which suggests that employees will work harder for you, and perform better, if you give them tasks, they find meaningful and morally worthwhile. (The Guardian, 2020)
Aristotle, on letting people seek fulfillment
was a fourth century Greek philosopher who taught, rather scandalously, that the aim of life was simply to be as happy as possible here on Earth, before we die and dissolve back into the atomic universe. He warned that humans are very bad at being happy, and very good at inventing reasons to be
miserable. Philosophy should teach us how to be happy, he suggested. For
Today, some companies are embracing Epicurus’ philosophy, and trying to teach their employees the art of happiness. Tony Hsieh, the CEO of American shoe company Zappos, is so committed to the company’s courses in happiness that he sold the company to Amazon on the agreement it would be able to continue with its unique happy culture. (The Guardian, 2020)
Epicurus, on the art of happiness
According to Cortez (2016), there are five (5) main traditional philosophical or ethical foundations of business ethics.
- Consequentialism
- Deontological ethics
- Moral rights
- Ethics of care
- Virtue ethics
discusses ethical egoism and utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is mostly more acceptable not only by scholars but also by practitioners from different fields. In moral philosophy, the term “consequentialism” refers to an approach in moral decision-making wherein the prime consideration is the effect or consequence of an action or a decision.
- Consequentialism
the word deontology derives from the Greek words for duty (deon)and science (or study) of (logos). In contemporary philosophy, deontology is one of those kinds of normative theories regarding which choices are morally required, forbidden, or permitted.
- Deontological ethics
is generally independent from the society’s system of written laws. It is inherent and does not require the person to exert any effort to possess qualifications, to present requirements, and to be identified with a particular group. It is acquired by virtue of simply and plainly being human. The only requirement is his or her personhood (Cortez, 2016).
- Moral rights
it is an approach to ethical dilemmas that is totally different from the different point of view such as utilitarian, deontology, and rights theories. The main idea of the ethics of care is that we have the responsibility to exercise special care toward those particular persons with whom we have important close relationships (Cortez, 2016).
- Ethics of care
it is more concerned with evaluating the moral integrity and character of the person. It concentrates on the character of the agent. According to Socrates, virtue is a sort of knowledge (the knowledge of good and evil) that is required to reach the ultimate good, which is all human desires and actions target to attain.
- Virtue ethics
