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Understanding Society > Classical Liberalism > Flashcards

Classical Liberalism Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 origins of self-interest?

A
  • End of Christian Paternalism
  • Enlightenment
  • Industrial Revolution
  • Social Change
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2
Q

In which century started self-interest?

A

In the 19th century

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3
Q

What are the main characteristics of the Enlightenment thinking? (4)

A
  • Rational
  • Scientific
  • Spread into every aspect of society
  • Contributed to scientific breakthroughs (leading to Industrial Revolution)
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4
Q

What are the consequences of the rise of Individualism ? (4)

A
  • Growth of Individuals Rights
  • Undermining certain types of authority
  • Re-evaluation of how communities and society work and interact
  • Loss of the religious view of being part of a community more than an individual
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5
Q

What are the main ideas of Individualism? (2)

A
  • All men are created equal with unalienable Rights
  • People have the right to abolish any Government that would restrain those
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6
Q

What are the 3 unalienable Rights?

A

Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness

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7
Q

Two books with Individualism ideas?

A
  • Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man
  • US Declaration of Independence
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8
Q

A movement in Ireland that has ideas of Individualism and Republicanism ?

A

The United Irishmen

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9
Q

Two aspects of the psychological creed of Classical Liberalism?

A
  • The Pleasure and Pain Principle
  • The 4 tenets of human nature
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10
Q

What are the 4 tenets of human nature?

A

Egoistic, coldly calculating, essentially inert, atomistic

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11
Q

What are the 4 sources of the Pleasure and Pain Principle?

A

Physical, political, moral, religious

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12
Q

What are the different types of pleasure in the Pleasure and Pain Principle?

A

Pleasures of sense, skill, wealth, amity, power, good name, piety, benevolence, malevolence, memory, imagination, expectation, relief

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13
Q

What are the different types of pain in the Pleasure and Pain Principle?

A

Pain of privation, senses, awkwardness, enmity, ill name, piety, memory, benevolence, malevolence, imagination, expectation, association

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14
Q

By what is the value of Pleasure and Pain Principle governed by? (8)

A
  • Intensity
  • Duration
  • Uncertainty
  • Certainty
  • Fecundity
  • Propinquity/remoteness
  • Purity
  • Extent
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15
Q

Two aspects of the economic creed of Classical Liberalism?

A
  • Hobbes and the state of war
  • Adam Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments
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16
Q

What is the state of war of Hobbes?

A

The natural condition of mandkind is a state of war in which life is «solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short» because individuals are in a «war of all against all»

17
Q

What do humans have according to the Theory of Moral Sentiments of Adam Smith? (6)

A

Habit of work, desire to truck exchange and barter, sense of propriety and sympathy, prudence, self-love, reason

18
Q

For what does Adam Smith argue for in the Wealth of Nations -1776?

A

For an economic system with little unnecessary government interference that allows people to serve their self-interests

19
Q

What are the objectives/promesses of the Wealth of Nations? (6)

A
  • pursuing your self-interest
  • creating free markets
  • labour and wealth will be diverted to their most productive uses
  • low prices and low wages
  • constant striving for better product
  • egoistic self-interest and competition produces the best results
20
Q

What does Adam Smith’s Invisible Hand illustrate?

A

The hidden economic forces

21
Q

What is the main idea the Malthus’s Theory of Population?

A

The population growth will always outrun the food supply without strict limits on reproduction

22
Q

What are the preventative checks of Malthus’s Theory of Population?

A

Moral restraint, vice and birth control = reduce birth rate

23
Q

What are the positive checks of Malthus’s Theory of Population

A

Famine, misery, plaque and war = increase death rate

24
Q

Are rights guaranteed? Child labour: How many children are in child labour, and how many work in hazardous conditions ?

A

160 millions, nearly 1/10 children are in child labour.
Almost half of them work in hazardous conditions (ex: child mine workers).

25
Q

Are rights guaranteed? Child labour: How many children live outside their birth country, and what are the consequences?

A

30 millions children live outside their birth country, increasing the risk of trafficking, sexual exploitation, forced work, etc

26
Q

What did Classical Liberalism became today?

A

Neoliberalism

27
Q

How does Monbiot define Neoliberalism? -2016

A

«Neoliberalism sees competition as the defining characteristic of human relations»

28
Q

What are the main points of Neoliberalism? (6)

A
  • Protect free markets and introduce new ones
  • Small government
  • Privatise state run businesses
  • Protect profit
  • State withdraws from economic activity
  • Deregulate markets
29
Q

What are the 5 criticism of Monbiot about Neoliberalism ?

A
  • Cause of the 2007-08 financial collapse
  • Collapse of public health services
  • Services
  • Social breakdown
  • Environmental problems
30
Q

Some examples of market issues

A
  • Social media/Internet : should there be limits to these markets?
  • Precarious employment
  • Culture funds in the Irish economy
  • Wages and cost of living

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