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Greece Civilization (history) > Classical Greece > Flashcards

Classical Greece Flashcards

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0
Q

The Mycenaens

A 
1600 B.C - 1100 B.C
20 ft walls/fortified city (withstood any attack)
Steep rocky terrain  
Worrier king ruled surrounding villages
Influenced by Egypt/Mesopotamia 
Minoans influenced Mycenaens
- came in contact with Mycenaens through trade and war
- Saw the value of sea bourne trade 
- art
- writing system 
Trojan War
- 1200 B.C
- 10 year w/ Troy
- Anatolia 
- lost
- caused the downfall of The mycenaens
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1
Q

The Minoans

A 
2000 B.C - 1400 B.C
Lived on the island of Crete
Capital: Knosses
Peaceful people
Art was influenced by nature
Athletic 
Women had a higher rank
Earthquake 1700B.C rebuilds
Series of earthquakes/volcanic eruption/tidal wave 
No recovery
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2
Q

The Dorians

A

1150- 750 B.C

  • less advanced society
  • dialect Greek
  • economy collapsed
  • no written record/no art
  • history through spoken word/storytelling
  • greatest storytelling -homer
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3
Q

Homer

A

-Wrote Illid and odyssey
-blind
-wrote epics
Iliad
- about the Trojan war
- hero were warriors
- aretē: virtue of excellence/ displayed through
battles and athletics

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4
Q

Myth

A

-traditional stories about gods
-much of greek mythology came from homer and Hesiod
- gave understanding of nature and human
Passion
- gods live forever
- gave gods human qualities

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5
Q

Monarchy

A

One king ruled over everything

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7
Q

Tyrant

A

Powerful people appealed to common person for support
Nobel or wealthy
Seized control
Not harsh cruel/work for interest of people

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8
Q

Monachry

A

Ruled by one king

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9
Q

Aristocracy

A
  • Ruled by a small group of noble, landowning families

- these families gained power after serving in military

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10
Q

Oligarchy

A
  • when people didn’t like aristocracy

- ruled by a few powerful people

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11
Q

Democracy

A

Ruled by the people

In athens

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12
Q

Draco

A 
621 B.C
Nobleman
Legal code
-all athenians equal under law
-harsh punishment for every crime 
-death
-debt slavery
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13
Q

Solon

A 
594 B.C
- no slavery
- 4 group social classes
      1-3- > hold office
       4 > participate "common voice"
- outlaw debt slavery
- anyone can be bring charges
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14
Q

Cleisthenes

A 
500 B.C
- 10 social class (based on where u live)
- all citizens can submit laws
- council 500 (randomly selected) 
- citizens 
    - free adult male landowner born in Athens   
       Where citizens 
    - excluded women, slaves, foreigners
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15
Q

Education

A
  • boys taught only
  • train for future military
  • girls did attend school
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16
Q

Sparta

A 
725 B.C
-Southern part Peloponnesus 
-Nearly cut off of Greece by gulf of corinth
-took over messenia 
Messenia
- became helots: presents forced to stay on the land
- gave half the crops to Spartans
- revolted 
- Spartans won
- started military state
Daily life
- did not value art 
- valued strength, duty, discipline
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17
Q

Spartans government

A
  • several branches
    • assembly
      • spartan citizens voted on major issues
    • council of elders
      • 30 older citizens proposed laws
      • controlled education
      • prosecuted court cases
    • two kings
      • ruled over military
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18
Q

Spartan social classes

A
  1. Descends of original inhabitants > ruling family’s that own land
  2. Noncitizen who where free > commerce and industry
  3. Helots
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19
Q

Persian War

A

Athens/ Sparta gained Glory

  • changed bronze to iron
  • all could participate in army
  • phalanx: most powerful fighting force
    • shield in hand and spear in other
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20
Q

Batter of Marathon

A
  • Persia invades Ionia on the coast of Anatolia where Greeks were settled in 546 B.C
  • athens sent ship
  • king Darius (king of Persia) vowed to destroy Athens
  • Persia lost
21
Q

Pheidippides

A
  • runner who brought news back to Athens
  • Athens was saved army moved quickly
  • collapsed and died
22
Q

Xerxes

A
  • darius son
  • assembeled invasion on Athens
  • attacked on narrow mountain
23
Q

Athens

A
  • strong navy
24
Q

Battle of plataen

A
  • wanted to fight at sea because Athens sting navy
  • positioned cleat at narrow channel near island of salamis
  • xerxes sent warships
  • Greek ships were small and had battering rams/ monover though the small channel
  • Persian ship where large couldn’t monover though
  • Persia lost
25
Q

The Delian League

A
  • alliance between several Greek city states
  • Sparta was not apart of this Leaugue
  • Ended threat from future attacks from Persia
  • Athens became head
  • Athens in golden age
26
Q

Pericles plan

A

461-423 B.C

  • honest/fair
  • lead athens during golden age
  • Had three goals
    - strengthen democracy
    - strengthen empire
    - glorify Athens
27
Q

Stronger democracy

A
  • increase number of paid public officials
  • poor citizens could be elected
  • introduced direct democracy
    Direct Democracy:
    Form of gov. In which rule directly and not through representatives
28
Q

Athenian

A
  • pericles used the money from the Delian league when not in war to make their navy the strongest in the mediterranean sea
  • strengthen trade
29
Q

Glorify Athens

A
  • used money from D league to beautify Athens, though sculptures and art
30
Q

Parthenon

A
  • made by the greatest artist/architects/sculptors
  • masterpiece
  • honored Athena
  • not unique
  • ideal beauty not realism
  • a standard called classical art
31
Q

Tragedy

A
  • serious drama
  • common themes
  • main character was a tragic hero
  • important person gifted with extrude nary abilities
32
Q

Comedy

A
  • slapstick situations
  • crude humor
  • made fun of politics and respected people and ideas of the time
33
Q

Historisans

A

Herodotus
- Greek who live in Athens
- he made the first work of history
Thucydides
- greatest historian of the classical age
- believed that certain types of event and political situations recurr over time (history repeats itself)

34
Q

Peloponnesian War

A

431 B.C

  • Sparta declared war on Athens
  • Athens strong navy
  • Sparta strong army
  • Pericles avoided land war
  • Pericles brought everyone into the walls of Athens
  • a plague hit killing 1/3 of population including Pericles
  • signed truce
  • Athens wanted to attack Syracuse Spartas wealthiest allie
  • Athens lost
  • Sparta won in 413 B.
35
Q

Philosophers

A
  • lovers of wisdom
  • seek the truth
  • universe put together in a orderly way
  • understand laws through logic and reason
  • sophists and protagoras
36
Q

Socrates

A
  • sophist
  • absolute standards did not exist for truth and justice
  • question your moral character
  • said to have corrupted the youth brought to trail, and
  • killed
37
Q

Plato

A
  • student of Socrates
  • wrote the republic
  • vision is perfectly governed society,
  • philosopher king
  • citizen would fall naturally in to three groups
    Farmers/artisans
    Warriors
    Ruling class
38
Q

Aristotle

A
  • question nature of the world and human belief, thought and knowledge
  • argue with rules of logic
  • taught alexander the great son of king Phillip 2
39
Q

Phillip II

A

-King of macedonia
-dreamed to control Greece
- avenge persia
Macedonia
- north of Greece
- rough Terran
- Cold climate
- mountain villages
Army
- used phalanxes
- prepared for invasion on Greece
- shroud fearless kings
Invasion
- Greece united all but was to late
- Macedonians defeated the Greeks
- stabbed to death
- handing rule over to his son Alexander

40
Q

Alexander the Great

A
  • Defeated Thebans
  • invaded Persia controlled anitolia
  • invades eygpt
  • reaches up to the Indus valley but is stopped and retreats
41
Q

Egyptian Alexandria

A
  • becomes center of Hellenistic world
  • the first library
  • scholars preserve Greek and Egyptian learning in sciences
42
Q

Helenistic

A

Blend of egyptian, Persian, Indian influence
Meant common
Dialect of greek

43
Q

science astronomy

A

Alexandria provided most scientific knowledge
- the sun was the larger than earth
- dis proved the earth was the center of the universe but the sun was
Eratosthenes
- directed of the Alexandrian library
- Tried to find earth real size

44
Q

Math

A

Euclid
- wrote the elements
- wrote the bases of geometry that we still use
Archimedes
- estimated the value of pi the circumstance of a circle
- Archimedes screw: devise used to raised water from the ground and compound pulley to lift heavy objects
- pumps, pneumatic machine, steam engines

45
Q

Art and philosophy

A

Stoicism and Epicureanism
Stoicism
- created by Zeno
- proposed that people should live virtuous lifes in harmony
- with the will of god
- human desires power and wealth we distractions
- focus on what u can control
Epicureanism
- Epicurus
- gods who had no interest in humans
- real objects where proceved by 5 senses
- greatest pleasure comes from virtuosi conduct and and absence of pain
- main goal was to achieve was to achieve harmony of body and mind
- moderation of all things

46
Q

Colossus of Rhodes

A
  • bronze statue
  • stood more than 100 ft
  • greatest Hellenistic statue
  • topple by and earthquake in 225 B.C
  • one of the seven wonders of the ancient world
47
Q

Classical vs. Hellenistic

A

Idealist and realism

48
Q

City State (polis)

A

Fundamental political unit
city surrounding countryside
~ 50-500 square miles
Agora: marketplace
Acropolis: fortified hill top/gathered to talk about gov.
Form of government- monarchy/Aristocracy/Oligarchy

Greece Civilization (history) (1 decks)

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