Classical Greece Flashcards
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Q
The Mycenaens
A
1600 B.C - 1100 B.C 20 ft walls/fortified city (withstood any attack) Steep rocky terrain Worrier king ruled surrounding villages Influenced by Egypt/Mesopotamia Minoans influenced Mycenaens - came in contact with Mycenaens through trade and war - Saw the value of sea bourne trade - art - writing system Trojan War - 1200 B.C - 10 year w/ Troy - Anatolia - lost - caused the downfall of The mycenaens
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Q
The Minoans
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2000 B.C - 1400 B.C Lived on the island of Crete Capital: Knosses Peaceful people Art was influenced by nature Athletic Women had a higher rank Earthquake 1700B.C rebuilds Series of earthquakes/volcanic eruption/tidal wave No recovery
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Q
The Dorians
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1150- 750 B.C
- less advanced society
- dialect Greek
- economy collapsed
- no written record/no art
- history through spoken word/storytelling
- greatest storytelling -homer
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Q
Homer
A
-Wrote Illid and odyssey
-blind
-wrote epics
Iliad
- about the Trojan war
- hero were warriors
- aretē: virtue of excellence/ displayed through
battles and athletics
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Q
Myth
A
-traditional stories about gods
-much of greek mythology came from homer and Hesiod
- gave understanding of nature and human
Passion
- gods live forever
- gave gods human qualities
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Q
Monarchy
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One king ruled over everything
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Q
Tyrant
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Powerful people appealed to common person for support
Nobel or wealthy
Seized control
Not harsh cruel/work for interest of people
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Q
Monachry
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Ruled by one king
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Q
Aristocracy
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- Ruled by a small group of noble, landowning families
- these families gained power after serving in military
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Q
Oligarchy
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- when people didn’t like aristocracy
- ruled by a few powerful people
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Q
Democracy
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Ruled by the people
In athens
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Q
Draco
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621 B.C Nobleman Legal code -all athenians equal under law -harsh punishment for every crime -death -debt slavery
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Q
Solon
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594 B.C
- no slavery
- 4 group social classes
1-3- > hold office
4 > participate "common voice"
- outlaw debt slavery
- anyone can be bring charges
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Q
Cleisthenes
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500 B.C
- 10 social class (based on where u live)
- all citizens can submit laws
- council 500 (randomly selected)
- citizens
- free adult male landowner born in Athens
Where citizens
- excluded women, slaves, foreigners
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Q
Education
A
- boys taught only
- train for future military
- girls did attend school
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Q
Sparta
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725 B.C -Southern part Peloponnesus -Nearly cut off of Greece by gulf of corinth -took over messenia Messenia - became helots: presents forced to stay on the land - gave half the crops to Spartans - revolted - Spartans won - started military state Daily life - did not value art - valued strength, duty, discipline
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Q
Spartans government
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- several branches
- assembly
- spartan citizens voted on major issues
- council of elders
- 30 older citizens proposed laws
- controlled education
- prosecuted court cases
- two kings
- ruled over military
- assembly
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Q
Spartan social classes
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- Descends of original inhabitants > ruling family’s that own land
- Noncitizen who where free > commerce and industry
- Helots
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Q
Persian War
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Athens/ Sparta gained Glory
- changed bronze to iron
- all could participate in army
- phalanx: most powerful fighting force
- shield in hand and spear in other
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Q
Batter of Marathon
A
- Persia invades Ionia on the coast of Anatolia where Greeks were settled in 546 B.C
- athens sent ship
- king Darius (king of Persia) vowed to destroy Athens
- Persia lost
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Q
Pheidippides
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- runner who brought news back to Athens
- Athens was saved army moved quickly
- collapsed and died
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Q
Xerxes
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- darius son
- assembeled invasion on Athens
- attacked on narrow mountain
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Q
Athens
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- strong navy
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Q
Battle of plataen
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- wanted to fight at sea because Athens sting navy
- positioned cleat at narrow channel near island of salamis
- xerxes sent warships
- Greek ships were small and had battering rams/ monover though the small channel
- Persian ship where large couldn’t monover though
- Persia lost
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The Delian League
- alliance between several Greek city states
- Sparta was not apart of this Leaugue
- Ended threat from future attacks from Persia
- Athens became head
- Athens in golden age
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Pericles plan
461-423 B.C
- honest/fair
- lead athens during golden age
- Had three goals
- strengthen democracy
- strengthen empire
- glorify Athens
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Stronger democracy
- increase number of paid public officials
- poor citizens could be elected
- introduced direct democracy
Direct Democracy:
Form of gov. In which rule directly and not through representatives
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Athenian
- pericles used the money from the Delian league when not in war to make their navy the strongest in the mediterranean sea
- strengthen trade
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Glorify Athens
- used money from D league to beautify Athens, though sculptures and art
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Parthenon
- made by the greatest artist/architects/sculptors
- masterpiece
- honored Athena
- not unique
- ideal beauty not realism
- a standard called classical art
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Tragedy
- serious drama
- common themes
- main character was a tragic hero
- important person gifted with extrude nary abilities
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Comedy
- slapstick situations
- crude humor
- made fun of politics and respected people and ideas of the time
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Historisans
Herodotus
- Greek who live in Athens
- he made the first work of history
Thucydides
- greatest historian of the classical age
- believed that certain types of event and political situations recurr over time (history repeats itself)
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Peloponnesian War
431 B.C
- Sparta declared war on Athens
- Athens strong navy
- Sparta strong army
- Pericles avoided land war
- Pericles brought everyone into the walls of Athens
- a plague hit killing 1/3 of population including Pericles
- signed truce
- Athens wanted to attack Syracuse Spartas wealthiest allie
- Athens lost
- Sparta won in 413 B.
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Philosophers
- lovers of wisdom
- seek the truth
- universe put together in a orderly way
- understand laws through logic and reason
- sophists and protagoras
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Socrates
- sophist
- absolute standards did not exist for truth and justice
- question your moral character
- said to have corrupted the youth brought to trail, and
- killed
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Plato
- student of Socrates
- wrote the republic
- vision is perfectly governed society,
- philosopher king
- citizen would fall naturally in to three groups
Farmers/artisans
Warriors
Ruling class
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Aristotle
- question nature of the world and human belief, thought and knowledge
- argue with rules of logic
- taught alexander the great son of king Phillip 2
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Phillip II
-King of macedonia
-dreamed to control Greece
- avenge persia
Macedonia
- north of Greece
- rough Terran
- Cold climate
- mountain villages
Army
- used phalanxes
- prepared for invasion on Greece
- shroud fearless kings
Invasion
- Greece united all but was to late
- Macedonians defeated the Greeks
- stabbed to death
- handing rule over to his son Alexander
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Alexander the Great
- Defeated Thebans
- invaded Persia controlled anitolia
- invades eygpt
- reaches up to the Indus valley but is stopped and retreats
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Egyptian Alexandria
- becomes center of Hellenistic world
- the first library
- scholars preserve Greek and Egyptian learning in sciences
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Helenistic
Blend of egyptian, Persian, Indian influence
Meant common
Dialect of greek
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science astronomy
Alexandria provided most scientific knowledge
- the sun was the larger than earth
- dis proved the earth was the center of the universe but the sun was
Eratosthenes
- directed of the Alexandrian library
- Tried to find earth real size
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Math
Euclid
- wrote the elements
- wrote the bases of geometry that we still use
Archimedes
- estimated the value of pi the circumstance of a circle
- Archimedes screw: devise used to raised water from the ground and compound pulley to lift heavy objects
- pumps, pneumatic machine, steam engines
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Art and philosophy
Stoicism and Epicureanism
Stoicism
- created by Zeno
- proposed that people should live virtuous lifes in harmony
- with the will of god
- human desires power and wealth we distractions
- focus on what u can control
Epicureanism
- Epicurus
- gods who had no interest in humans
- real objects where proceved by 5 senses
- greatest pleasure comes from virtuosi conduct and and absence of pain
- main goal was to achieve was to achieve harmony of body and mind
- moderation of all things
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Colossus of Rhodes
- bronze statue
- stood more than 100 ft
- greatest Hellenistic statue
- topple by and earthquake in 225 B.C
- one of the seven wonders of the ancient world
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Classical vs. Hellenistic
Idealist and realism
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City State (polis)
Fundamental political unit
city surrounding countryside
~ 50-500 square miles
Agora: marketplace
Acropolis: fortified hill top/gathered to talk about gov.
Form of government- monarchy/Aristocracy/Oligarchy
