Classical Conditioning Flashcards
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
Stimulus that elicits a particular response without prior training.
Unconditioned Response (UR)
A response that occurs to a stimulus without prior training.
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
A stimulus that does not elicit a particular response.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
A stimulus that does not elicit a particular response initially, but comes to do so as a result of classical conditioning.
Conditioned Response (CR)
The response that is eventually elicited by the conditioned stimulus after repeated pairings with the unconditioned stimulus.
Ivan Pavlov taught dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell which was initially followed by food. Pavlov called this form of learning __________ conditioning.
Classical conditioning
In classical conditioning, any stimulus that provokes an automatic or reflexive reaction in an individual is an __________ stimulus, or US.
Unconditioned stimulus
The particular response elicited by the unconditioned stimulus is the __________ response, or UR.
Unconditioned response
If the US is repeatedly presented following a neutral stimulus, the neutral stimulus alone will become sufficient to elicit the response and is now called the __________ stimulus, or CS.
Conditioned stimulus
The learned response to the conditioned stimulus is the __________ response, or CR.
Conditioned response
In Pavlov’s experiment, the bell is the CS, the meat is the US, the response to the meat is the UR, and the response to the bell after conditioning is the __________.
Conditioned response
Watson and Rayner (1920) taught Little Albert to fear a white rat by pairing the rat with a loud, unpleasant noise. The loud noise in this study was the __________, or unconditional stimulus.
Unconditioned stimulus
When the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented by itself, after a while the conditioned response declines until it is non-existent, in a process called__________.
Extinction
If the subject is given a rest during extinction, the CR will occur again briefly due to __________ recovery.
Spontaneous recovery
The subject learns to respond only to a particular stimulus that is paired with the US in stimulus __________.
Discrimination
When an individual experiences stomach distress after having eaten something, conditioned taste __________, or CTA, to the thing eaten is said to have occurred.
conditioned taste aversion
John Garcia gave rats sweetened water and then produced gastrointestinal distress by exposing them to radiation. A few days later, the rats refused to drink sweetened water. The X ray (US) that caused the stomach distress (UR) had been associated with the sweetened water (CS), so the water became associated with illness (__________).
Conditioned response
